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Association between particulate matter air pollution and risk of depression and suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

An increasing number of studies examined the potential effects of ambient particulate matter (PM: PM2.5 and PM10—PMs with diameters not greater than 2.5 and 10 μm, respectively) pollution on the risk of depression and suicide; however, the results have been inconclusive. This study aimed to determine the overall relationship between PM exposure and depression/suicide based on current evidence. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of current available studies. Thirty articles (20 for depression and 10 for suicide) with data from 1,447,313 participants were included in the meta-analysis. For a 10 μg/m3 increase in short-term exposure to PM2.5, we found a 2% (p < 0.001) increased the risk of depression and a 2% (p = 0.001) increased risk of suicide. A 10 μg/m3 increase in long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with a more apparent increase of 18% (p = 0.005) in depression risk. In addition, a 10 μg/m3 increase in short-term exposure to PM10 was associated with a 2% (p = 0.003) increase in depression risk and a 1% (p = 0.002) increase in suicide risk. Subgroup analyses showed that associations between PM and depression were more apparent in people over 65 years and from developed regions. Besides, the study design and study quality might also have an impact on their associations. The meta-analysis found that an increase in ambient PM concentration was strongly associated with an increased risk of depression and suicide, and the associations for depression appeared stronger for smaller particles (PM2.5) and at a long-term time pattern.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0211600, 2017YFC0211601) and National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 82073509).

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  1. Qisijing Liu, Wanzhou Wang and Xuelin Gu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China

    Qisijing Liu, Wanzhou Wang, Xuelin Gu, Furong Deng, Xinbiao Guo & Shaowei Wu

  2. Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China

    Xueqin Wang

  3. Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

    Hualiang Lin

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  1. Qisijing Liu
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Contributions

Conceptualization: (Shaowei Wu); Methodology: (Qisijing Liu); Literature search: (Qisijing Liu),(Wanzhou Wang);Formal data analysis and investigation: (Qisijing Liu); Writing - original draft preparation: (Qisijing Liu), (Wanzhou Wang), (Xuelin Gu); Writing - critically revised the work: (Shaowei Wu), (Furong Deng), (Xueqin Wang), (Hualiang Lin), (Xinbiao Guo); Funding acquisition: (Shaowei Wu); Resources: (Shaowei Wu); Supervision: (Shaowei Wu).

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Liu, Q., Wang, W., Gu, X. et al. Association between particulate matter air pollution and risk of depression and suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 9029–9049 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12357-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12357-3

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