Abstract
Increased use of pyrethroids and the exposure to pyrethroids for pregnant women and children have raised the concerns over the potential effect of pyrethroids on developmental cardiotoxicity and other abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether long term perinatal deltamethrin exposure altered embryonic cardiac electrophysiology in mice. Pregnant mice were administered with 0 or 3 mg/kg of deltamethrin by gavage daily from gestational day (gd) 10.5 to gd 17. 5. Whole cell patch-clamp technique was used in electrophysiological study, and real time RT-PCR was applied to analyze the molecular changes for the electrophysiological properties. Deltamethrin exposure resulted in increased mortality of pregnant mice and decreased viability of embryos. Moreover, deltamethrin slowed the maximum depolarization velocity (Vmax), prolonged the action potential duration (APD) and depolarized the maximum diastolic potential (MDP) of embryonic cardiomyocytes. Additionally, perinatal deltamethrin exposure decreased the mRNA expression of Na+ channel regulatory subunit Navβ1, inward rectifier K+ channel subunit Kir2.1, and delayed rectifier K+ channel subunit MERG while the L-type Ca2+ channel subunit, Cav1.2 expression was increased. On the contrary, deltamethrin administration did not significantly alter the regulation of β-adrenergic or muscarinic receptor on embryonic cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, deltamethrin exposure at perinatal stage significantly alters mRNA expression of embryonic cardiac ion channels and therefore influences embryonic cardiac electrophysiological properties. This highlights the need to understand the persistent effects of pyrethroid exposure on cardiac function during embryonic development due to potential for cardiac arrhythmogenicity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barr DB, Olsson AO, Wong LY, et al. Urinary concentrations of metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides in the general U.S. population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002. Environ Health Perspect, 2010,118 (6):742–748
Demoute J. A brief review of the environmental fate and metabolism of pyrethroids. Pestic Sci, 1989,27:375–385
Soderlund DM, Clark JM, Sheets LP, et al. Mechanisms of pyrethroid neurotoxicity: implications for cumulative risk assessment. Toxicology, 2002,171(1):3–59
Ray DE, Fry JR. A reassessment of the neurotoxicity of pyrethroid insecticides. Pharmacol Ther, 2006,111(1): 174–193
Sheets LP, Doherty JD, Law MW, et al. Age-dependent differences in the susceptibility of rats to deltamethrin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 1994,126(1):186–190
Shafer TJ, Meyer DA, Crofton KM. Developmental neurotoxicity of pyrethroid insecticides: critical review and future research needs. Environ Health Perspect, 2005,113(2):123–136
Naeher LP, Tulve NS, Egeghy PP, et al. Organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticide urinary metabolite concentrations in young children living in a southeastern United States city. Sci Total Environ, 2010,408(5):1145–1153
Whyatt RM, Garfinkel R, Hoepner LA, et al. Withinand between-home variability in indoor-air insecticide levels during pregnancy among an inner-city cohort from New York City. Environ Health Perspect, 2007,115(3):383–389
Wickerham EL, Lozoff B, Shao J, et al. Reduced birth weight in relation to pesticide mixtures detected in cord blood of full-term infants. Environ Int, 2012,47:80–85
Ostrea EM, Bielawski DM, Posecion NC, et al. Combined analysis of prenatal (maternal hair and blood) and neonatal (infant hair, cord blood and meconium) matrices to detect fetal exposure to environmental pesticides. Environ Res, 2009,109(1):116–122
Bouwman H, Sereda B, Meinhardt HM. Simultaneous presence of DDT and pyrethroid residues in human breast milk from a malaria endemic area in South Africa. Environ Pollut, 2006,44(3):902–917
Barker DJ. The fetal and infant origins of adult disease. BMJ, 1990,301(6761):1111
Groom A, Elliott HR, Embleton ND, et al. Epigenetics and child health: basic principles. Arch Dis Child, 2011,96(9):863–869
Novotny J, Bourova L, Malkova O, et al. G proteins, betaadrenoreceptors and beta-adrenergic responsiveness in immature and adult rat ventricular myocardium: influence of neonatal hypo-and hyperthyroidism. J Mol Cell Cardiol, 1999,31(4):761–772
Oliveira Ldos S, da Silva LP, da Silva AI, et al. Effects of early weaning on the circadian rhythm and behavioral satiety sequence in rats. Behav Processes, 2011,86(1):119–124
Vaiserman A. Early-life origin of adult disease: evidence from natural experiments. Exp Gerontol, 2011,46(2–3):189–192
Chanda SM, Pope CN. Neurochemical and neurobehavioral effects of repeated gestational exposure to chlorpyrifos in maternal and developing rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 1996,53(4):771–776
Doucet J, Tague B, Arnold DL, et al. Persistent organic pollutant residues in human fetal liver and placenta from Greater Montreal, Quebec: a longitudinal study from 1998 through 2006. Environ Health Perspect, 2009,117(4):605–610
Gupta RC, Rech RH, Lovell KL, et al. Brain cholinergic, behavioral, and morphological development in rats exposed in utero to methylparathion. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 1985,77(3):405–413
Muto MA, Lobelle F, Bidanset JH, et al. Embryotoxicity and neurotoxicity in rats associated with prenatal exposure to DURSBAN. Vet Hum Toxicol, 1992,34(6):498–501
Cantalamessa F. Acute toxicity of two pyrethroids, permethrin, and cypermethrin in neonatal and adult rats. Arch Toxicol, 1993,67(7):510–513
Bell EM, Hertz-Picciotto I, Beaumont JJ. A case-control study of pesticides and fetal death due to congenital anomalies. Epidemiology, 2001,12(2):148–156
Hanke W, Romitti P, Fuortes L, et al. The use of pesticides in a Polish rural population and its effect on birth weight. Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 2003,76(8):614–620
Shi X, Gu A, Ji G, et al. Developmental toxicity of cypermethrin in embryo-larval stages of zebrafish. Chemosphere, 2011,85(6):1010–1016
Abdel-Khalik MM, Hanafy MS, Abdel-Aziz MI. Studies on the teratogenic effects of deltamethrin in rats. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 1993,100(4):142–143
Armstrong LE, Driscoll MV, Donepudi AC, et al. Effects of developmental deltamethrin exposure on white adipose tissue gene expression. J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 2013,27(2):165–171
Caudle WM, Richardson JR, Wang M, et al. Perinatal heptachlor exposure increases expression of presynaptic dopaminergic markers in mouse striatum. Neurotoxicology, 2005,26(4):721–728
Liu A, Tang M, Xi J, et al. Functional characterization of inward rectifier potassium ion channel in murine fetal ventricular cardiomyocytes. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2010,26(3):413–420
Morgan MK. Children’s exposures to pyrethroid insecticides at home: a review of data collected in published exposure measurement studies conducted in the United States. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2012,9(8):2964–2985
Casida JE, Durkin KA. Neuroactive insecticides: targets, selectivity, resistance, and secondary effects. Annu Rev Entomol, 2013,58:99–117
Vais H, Williamson MS, Devonshire AL, et al. The molecular interactions of pyrethroid insecticides with insect and mammalian sodium channels. Pest Manag Sci, 2001,57(10):877–888
Du Y, Nomura Y, Luo N, et al. Molecular determinants on the insect sodium channel for the specific action of type II pyrethroid insecticides. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2009,234(2):266–272
Babina K, Dollard M, Pilotto L, et al. Environmental exposure to organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides in South Australian preschool children: a cross sectional study. Environ Int, 2012,48:109–120
Fahmi A, Patel M, Stevens EB, et al. The sodium channel beta–subunit SCN3b modulates the kinetics of SCN5a and is expressed heterogeneously in sheep heart. J Physiol, 2001,537(Pt 3):693–700
Ko SH, Lenkowski PW, Lee HC, et al. Modulation of Na(v)1.5 by beta1––and beta3–subunit co–expression in mammalian cells. Pflugers Arch, 2005,449(4):403–412
Nuss HB, Chiamvimonvat N, Perez–Garcia MT, et al. Functional association of the beta 1 subunit with human cardiac (hH1) and rat skeletal muscle (mu 1) sodium channel alpha subunits expressed in Xenopus oocytes. J Gen Physiol, 1995,106(6):1171–1191
Spencer CI, Yuill KH, Borg JJ, et al. Actions of pyrethroid insecticides on sodium currents, action potentials, and contractile rhythm in isolated mammalian ventricular myocytes and perfused hearts. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2001,98(3):1067–1082
Belardinelli L, Antzelevitch C, Vos MA. Assessing predictors of drug–induced torsade de pointes. Trends Pharmacol Sci, 2003,24(12):619–625
Restivo M, Caref EB, Kozhevnikov DO, et al. Spatial dispersion of repolarization is a key factor in the arrhythmogenicity of long QT syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 2004,15(3):323–331
Denac H, Mevissen M, Scholtysik G. Structure, function and pharmacology of voltage–gated sodium channels. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2000,362(6):453–479
Honerjäger P. Cardioactive substances that prolong the open state of sodium channels. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol, 1982,92:1–74
Bennett PB, Yazawa K, Makita N, et al. Molecular mechanism for an inherited cardiac arrhythmia. Nature, 1995, 376(6542):683–685
Wang Q, Shen J, Splawski I, et al. SCN5A mutations associated with an inherited cardiac arrhythmia, long QT syndrome. Cell, 1995,80(5):805–811
January CT, Riddle JM. Early afterdepolarizations: mechanism of induction and block. A role for L–type Ca2+ current. Circ Res, 1989,64(5):977–990
Kaseda S, Gilmour RF Jr, Zipes DP. Depressant effect of magnesium on early afterdepolarizations and triggered activity induced by cesium, quinidine, and 4–aminopyridine in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers. Am Heart J, 1989,118(3):458–466
Sheets LP, Doherty JD, Law MW, et al. Age–dependent differences in the susceptibility of rats to deltamethrin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 1994,26(1):186–190
Farag AT, Goda NF, Shaaban NA, et al. Effects of oral exposure of synthetic pyrethroid, cypermethrin on the behavior of F1–progeny in mice. Reprod Toxicol, 2007,23(4):560–567
Sinha C, Seth K, Islam F, et al. Behavioral and neurochemical effects induced by pyrethroid–based mosquito repellent exposure in rat offsprings during prenatal and early postnatal period. Neurotoxicol Teratol, 2006,28(4):472–481
Agarwal DK, Chauhan LK, Gupta SK, et al. Cytogenetic effects of deltamethrin on rat bone marrow. Mutat Res, 1994, 311(1):133–138
Kung TS, Richardson JR, Cooper KR, et al. Developmental Deltamethrin Exposure Causes Persistent Changes in Dopaminergic Gene Expression, Neurochemistry, and Locomotor Activity in Zebrafish. Toxicol Sci, 2015,146(2):235–243
Richardson JR, Taylor MM, Shalat SL, et al. Developmental pesticide exposure reproduces features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. FASEB J, 2015,29(5):1960–1972
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81100818).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Luo, Hy., Masika, J., Guan, Xw. et al. Long Term Perinatal Deltamethrin Exposure Alters Electrophysiological Properties of Embryonic Ventricular Cardiomyocyte. CURR MED SCI 39, 21–27 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11596-019-1995-5
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11596-019-1995-5