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Hippocampal activation and connectivity in the aging brain

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Abstract

The hippocampus and underlying cortices are highly susceptible to pathologic change with increasing age. Using an associative face-scene (Face-Place) encoding task designed to target these regions, we investigated activation and connectivity patterns in cognitively normal older adults. Functional MRI scans were collected in 210 older participants (mean age = 76.4 yrs) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Brain activation patterns were examined during encoding of novel Face-Place pairs. Functional connectivity of the hippocampus was also examined during encoding, with seed regions placed along the longitudinal axis in the head, body and tail of the structure. In the temporal lobe, task activation patterns included coverage of the hippocampus and underlying ventral temporal cortices. Extensive activation was also seen in frontal, parietal and occipital lobes of the brain. Functional connectivity analyses during overall encoding showed that the head of the hippocampus was connected to frontal and anterior/middle temporal regions, the body with frontal, widespread temporal and occipital regions, and the tail with posterior temporal and occipital cortical regions. Connectivity limited to encoding of subsequently remembered stimuli showed a similar pattern for the hippocampal body, but differing patterns for the head and tail regions. These results show that the Face-Place task produces activation along the occipitotemporal visual pathway including medial temporal areas. The connectivity results also show that patterns of functional connectivity vary throughout the anterior-posterior extent of the hippocampus during memory encoding. As these patterns include regions vulnerable to pathologic change in early stages of Alzheimer’s disease, continued longitudinal assessment of these individuals can provide valuable information regarding changes in brain-behavior relationships that may occur with advancing age and the onset of cognitive decline.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the BLSA participants, staff and the NIA 3T Imaging Center for their dedication to these studies. We also thank Danielle June for her assistance with the manuscript. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging.

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  1. Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6825, USA

    Lori L. Beason-Held, Andrea T. Shafer, Joshua O. Goh, Brieana Viscomi, Jessica Ash, Melissa Kitner-Triolo, Luigi Ferrucci & Susan M. Resnick

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA

    Bennett A. Landman

  3. Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Christos Davatzikos

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Supplementary Figure 1

Hippocampal ROIs and Spatial Normalization. Hippocampal ROIs and Spatial Normalization. An example of the three hippocampal ROIs in subject native space (left), mapped onto their normalized MPRAGE in MNI space (middle), and mapped onto the BLSA-template normalized to MNI space (right). All normalized MPRAGE and functional data were visualized for errors as part of our quality control pipeline (DOCX 412 kb)

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Beason-Held, L.L., Shafer, A.T., Goh, J.O. et al. Hippocampal activation and connectivity in the aging brain. Brain Imaging and Behavior 15, 711–726 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-020-00279-6

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