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Mosaic Evolution of the Basicranium in Homo and its Relation to Modular Development

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Abstract

Mosaic evolution describes different rates of evolutionary change in different body units. Morphologically these units are described by more relationships within a unit than between different units which relates mosaic evolution with morphological integration and modularity. Recent evidence suggests mosaic evolution at the human basicranium due to different evolutionary rates of midline and lateral cranial base morphology but this hypothesis has not yet been addressed explicitly. We this hypothesis and explore how mosaic evolution relates to modular development. Evolutionary data sets on midline (N = 186) and lateral (N = 86) basicranial morphology are compared with 3D data on pre- and postnatal basicranial ontogeny (N = 71). Our results support the hypothesis of mosaic evolution and suggest a modular nature of basicranial development. Different embryological basicranial units likely became differently modified during evolution, with relatively stable midline elements and more variable lateral elements. In addition, developmental data suggests that modularity patterns change throughout ontogeny. During prenatal ontogeny lateral basicranial elements (greater sphenoid wings and petrosal pyramids) change together compared with the midline base. Close to birth the greater sphenoid wings keep a spatially stable position, while the petrosal pyramids become dissociated and shifted posteriorly. After birth the greater sphenoid wings and petrosal pyramids change again jointly and with respect to midline cranial base elements. This sequential pattern of integration and modularization and re-integration describes human basicranial ontogeny in a way that is potentially important for the understanding of evolutionary change. Phylogenetic modifications of this pattern during morphogenesis, growth, and development may underlie the mosaic evolution of the hominin basicranium.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Emma Mbua, Fred Spoor, Roberto Macchiarelli, Luca Bondioli, Chris Stringer, Rob Kruszynski, Gerhard Weber, Paul O’Higgins, Tom Schoenemann and Janet Monge, (ORSA), Dan Lieberman, and the NESPOS society (www.nespos.org) for access to data in their care and Katie Willmore and Campell Rolian for inviting us to the interesting symposium at the AAPA meetings in Columbus, Ohio. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on a previous version. This research is funded by projects CGL-2006-02131 (Spanish Ministry of Science) and MRTN-CT-2005-019564-EVAN (European Union).

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  1. Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain

    Markus Bastir & Antonio Rosas

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Correspondence to Markus Bastir.

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Bastir, M., Rosas, A. Mosaic Evolution of the Basicranium in Homo and its Relation to Modular Development. Evol Biol 36, 57–70 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-008-9037-4

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