Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Management of Overactive Bladder in Older Women

  • Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms & Voiding Dysfunction (J Sandhu, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Urology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of review:

This review will highlight our current understanding of age-related changes in bladder function and propose important clinical considerations in the management of overactive bladder (OAB) specific to older women.

Recent findings:

Frailty, functional and cognitive impairment, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, estrogen deficiency, and remaining life expectancy are important clinical factors to consider and may impact OAB symptom management in older women. Third-line therapies, particularly PTNS, may be preferable over second-line therapy in some cases.

Summary:

Due to the complexity within this population, the standard treatment algorithms may not be applicable, thus a broader, more holistic focus is recommended when managing OAB in older women.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance

  1. Sexton C, Coyne K, Thompson C, et al. Prevalence and effect on health-related quality of life of overactive bladder in older Americans: results from the epidemiology of lower urinary tract symptoms study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:1465–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Brown JS, Vittinghoff E, Wyman J, et al. Urinary incontinence: does it increase risk for fall and fracture? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48:721–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Coyne KS, Sexton CC, Kopp Z, et al. Assessing patients’ descriptions of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and perspectives on treatment outcomes: results of qualitative research. IJCP. 2010:1–37.

  4. Ganz ML, Smalarz AM, Krupski TL, Anger JT, Hu JC, Wittrup-Jensen KU, et al. Economic costs of overactive bladder in the United States. Urology. 2010;75(3):526–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Gormley EA, Lightner DJ, Burgio KL, Chai TC, Clemens JQ, Culkin DJ, Das AK, Foster Jr HE, Scarpero HM, Tessier CD, Vasavada SP American Urological Association; Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine & Urogenital Reconstruction. Diagnosis and treatment of overactive bladder (non-neurogenic) in adults: AUA/SUFU guideline J Urol 2012;188(6 Suppl):2455–2463.

  6. • Gormely E, Lightner D, Faraday M, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of overactive bladder (non-neurogenic) in adults: AUA/SUFU guideline amendment. J Urol. 2015;193:1572–80. An important update including relevant newly published literature for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with non-neurogenic overactive bladder.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Tadic SD, Griffiths D, Schaefer W, Murrin A, Clarkson B, Resnick NM. Brain activity underlying impaired continence control in older women with overactive bladder. Neurourol Urodyn. 2012 Jun;31(5):652–658.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Ketai LH, Komesu YM, Dodd AB et al. Urgency urinary incontinence and the interoceptive network: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(4):449.e1–449.e17.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Brading A, Symes S. Ischemia as an etiological factor in bladder instability: implications for therapy. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2003;503:255–69.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Yoshida M, Miyamae K, Iwashita H, Otani M, Inadome A. Management of detrusor dysfunction in the elderly: changes in acetylcholine and adenosine triphosphate release during aging. Urology. 2004;63(3 Suppl 1):17–23. Review

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Tincello D, Taylor A, Spurling S, et al. Receptor isoforms that mediate estrogen and progesterone action in the female lower urinary tract. J Urol. 2009;181:1474–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Iosif S, Batra S, Ek A, et al. Estrogens receptors in the human female lower urinary tract. Am J Obstet Gynaecol. 1981;141:817–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Batra SC, Iosif LS. Progesterone receptors in the female urinary tract. J Urol. 1987;138:130–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. • Robinson D, Cardoza L, Milsom I et al. Oestrogens and overactive bladder. Neurourol Urodynam.2014.33:1086-1091 Interesting review article on the evidence for the role of estrogen therapy in the management of OAB.

  15. Chen X, Mao G, Leng S. Frailty syndrome: an overview. Clin Interv Aging. 2014;9:433–41.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(3):M146–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Suskind AM, Quanstrom K, Zhao S, Bridge M, Walter LC, Neuhaus J, et al. Overactive bladder is strongly associated with frailty in older individuals. Urology. 2017;106:26–31.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Jensen J, Lundin-Olsson L, Nyberg L, et al. Falls among frail older people in residential care. Scand J Public Health. 2002;30(1):54–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Plassman BL, Langa KM, Fisher GG, Heeringa SG, Weir DR, Ofstedal MB, et al. Prevalence of dementia in the United States: the aging, demographics, and memory study. Neuroepidemiology. 2007;29(1–2):125–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Jekel K, Damian M, Wattmo C, et al. Mild cognitive impairment and deficits in instrumental activities of daily living: a systematic review. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2015:7–17.

  21. Gold D. An examination of instrumental activities of daily living assessment in older adults and mild cognitive impairment. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2012;34(1):11–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ouslander JG, Shih YT, Malone-Lee J, Luber K. Overactive bladder: special considerations in the geriatric population. Am J Manag Care. 2000;6(11 Suppl):S599–606. Review

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Fayyad A, Hill S, Jones G. Prevalence and risk factors for bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms in women with diabetes mellitus from hospital-based diabetes clinic. Int Urogynecol J. 2009;20:1339–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Yuan Z, Tang Z, Changxiao H, et al. Diabetic cystopathy: a review. J Diabetes. 2015;7:442–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Boudreau D, Yu O, Gray S, et al. Concomitant use of cholinesterase inhibitors and anticholingerics: prevalence and outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:2069–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Maeda T, Tomita M, Nakazawa A, et al. Female functional constipation is associated with overactive bladder symptoms and urinary incontinence. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2138073

  27. Morin L, Johnell K, Laroche ML, Fastbom J, Wastesson JW. The epidemiology of polypharmacy in older adults: register-based prospective cohort study. Clin Epidemiol. 2018;10:289–98.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Schneidinger CS, Umek W, Böhmdorfer B. The problem of polypharmacy in female patients with overactive bladders - cross-sectional study in a specialist outpatient department. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2016 Dec;76(12).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. By the American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 updated Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2227–46.

  30. Iosif C, Bekassy Z. Prevalence of genitourinary symptoms in the late menopause. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Scan. 1984;63:257–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Batra S, Andersson K. Estrogen-induced changes in muscarinic receptor density and contractile responses in the female rat urinary bladder. Acta Physiol Scand. 1989;137:135–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Shenfield O, Blackmore P, Morgan C, et al. Rapid effects of estriol and progesterone on tone and spontaneous rhythmic contractions of the rabbit bladder. Neurourol Urodyn. 1998;17:408–9.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Griebling TL, Liao Z, Smith PG. Systemic and topical hormone therapies reduce vaginal innervations density in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2010;19:630–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Tandir Y, Ercan F, Tarcan T. Exogenous testosterone and estrogen affect bladder tissue contractility and histomorphology differently in rat ovariectomy model. J Sex Med. 2011;8:1626–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Benness C, Wise BG, Cutner A, et al. Does low dose vaginal oestradiol improve frequency and urgency in postmenopausal women. Int Urogynaecol J. 1992;3:281.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Eriksen PS, Rasmussen H. Low dose 17b-oestradiol vaginal tablets in the treatment of atrophic vaginitis: a double-blind placebo controlled study. Eur J Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Biol. 1992;44:137–44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Tseng LH, Wang AC, Chang YL, Soong YK, Lloyd LK, Ko YJ. Randomized comparison of tolterodine with vaginal estrogen cream versus tolterodine alone for the treatment of postmenopausal women with overactive bladder syndrome. Neurourol Urodyn. 2009;28:47–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Serati M, Salvatore S, Uccella S, Cardozo L, Bolis P. Is there a synergistic effect of topical estrogens when administered with antimuscarinics in the treatment of symptomatic detrusor overactivity? Eur Urol. 2009;55:713–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Nelken RS, Ozel BZ, Leegant AR, et al. Randomised trial of oestradiol vaginal ring versus oral oxybutynin for the treatment of overactive bladder. Menopause. 2011;18:962–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Cody JD, Richardson K, Moehrer B, et al. Estrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; Issue 4. Art. No: CD001405.

  41. Health, United States, 2016: with chartbook on long-term trends in health. Centers for disease control and prevention. National center for health statistics. 2017.

  42. Vinsnes AG, Helbostad JL, Nyronning S, et al. Effect of physical training on urinary incontinence: a randomized parallel group trial in nursing homes. Clin Interv Aging. 2012;7:45–50.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Tak EC, van Hespen A, van Dommelen P, et al. Does improved functional performance help to reduce urinary incontinence in institutionalized older women? A multicenter randomized clinical trial. BMC Geriatr. 2012;12:51.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Ouslander JG, Griffiths PC, McConnell E, Riolo L, Kutner M, Schnelle J. Functional incidental training: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial in Veterans Affairs nursing homes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:1091–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Schnelle JF, MacRae PG, Ouslander JG, et al. Functional incidental training, mobility performance, and incontinence care with nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995;43:1356–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Talley KC, Wyman JF, Bronas U, et al. Defeating urinary incontinence with exercise training: results of a pilot study in frail older women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017;65(6):1321–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Burgio KL, Goode PS, Locher JL, Umlauf MG, Roth DL, Richter HE, et al. Behavioral training with and without biofeedback in the treatment of urge incontinence in older women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002 Nov 13;288(18):2293–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Griffiths D, Clarkson B, Tadic SD, Resnick NM. Brain mechanisms underlying urge incontinence and its response to pelvic floor muscle training. J Urol. 2015;194(3):708–15.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Hooper L, Abdelhamid A, Attreed NJ, et al. Clinical symptoms, signs and tests for identification of impending and current water-loss dehydration in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;4:CD009647.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Wagg A. Antimuscarinic treatment in overactive bladder: special considerations in elderly patients. Drugs Aging. 2012;29(7):539–48.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Carriere I, Fourrier-Reglat A, Dartigues J, et al. Drugs with anticholinergic properties, cognitive decline, and dementia in an elderly general population: the 3-city study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(14):1317–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Fox C, Richardson K, Maidman I, et al. Anticholinergic medication and use and cognitive impairment in the older population: the medical research council cognitive function and aging study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(8):1477–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. McFerren S, Gomelsky A. Treatment of overactive bladder in the elderly female: the case for trospium, oxybutynin, fesoterodine and darifenacin. Drugs Aging. 2015;32:809–19.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Salahudeen MS, Duffull SB, Nishtala PS. Anticholinergic burden quantified by anticholinergic risk scales and adverse outcomes in older people: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2015 Mar 25;15:31.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Boustani M, Campbell N, Munger S, Maidment I, Fox C. Impact of anticholinergics on the aging brain: a review and practical application. Aging Health. 2008;4(3):311–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. DuBeau C, Kraus S, Griebling T, et al. Effect of fesoterodine in vulunerable elderly subjects with urgency incontinence: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Uro. 2014;191:395–404.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Wagg A, Khullar V, Marschall-Kehrel D, Michel MC, Oelke M, Darekar A, et al. Flexible-dose fesoterodine in elderly adults with overactive bladder: results of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of fesoterodine in an aging population. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61:185–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. • Geller EJ, Dumond JB, Bowling JM et al. Effect of trospium chloride on cognitive function in women aged 50 and older: a randomized trial. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2017;23(2):118–123 Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial aimed to investigate the effect of trospium chloride on cognitive function in postmenopausal women treated for OAB with no changes in cognitive function found between those taking trospium and placebo.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Rosa G, Ferrero S, Nitti V, et al. Cardiovascular safety of B3-adrenoceptor agonists for the treatment of patients with overactive bladder. Eur Urol. 2016;69:311–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Yamaguchi O, Chapple CR. Beta3-adrenoceptors in urinary bladder. Neurourol Urodyn. 2007;26(6):752–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Burton C, Sajja A, Latthe PM. Effectiveness of percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation for overactive bladder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurourol Urodyn. 2012;31(8):1206–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Amundsen CL, Webster GD. Sacral neuromodulation in an older, urge incontinent population. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187(6):1462–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. • Faris A, Gill B, Pizarro-Berdichevsky J. Impact of age and comorbidities on use of sacral neuromodulation. J Urol.2017;198(1):161–166 This study challenges the existing literature regarding age and SNS outcomes, suggesting that age alone should not be considered a limiting factory in SNS and can be modestly protective against device revision.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Miotla P, Cartwright R, Skorupska K, Bogusiewicz M, Markut-Miotla E, Futyma K, et al. Urinary retention in female OAB after intravesical Botox injection: who is really at risk. Int Urogynecol J. 2017;28(6):845–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. • Komesu Y, Amundsen C, Richter H, et al. Refractory urgency urinary incontinence treatment in women: impact of age on outcomes and complications. Am J Obstet Gynecol.2018;218.e1–9 Interesting planned secondary analysis of a multicenter, randomized trial on treatment efficacy and adverse events in women treated with onabotulinumtoxinA or SNS and stratified by age.

  66. Liao C, Kuo H. Increased risk of large post-void residual urine and decreased long-term success rate after intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA injection for refractory idiopathic detrusor overactivity. J Urol. 2013;189:1804–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Owen RK, Abrams KR, Mayne C, Slack M, Tincello DG. Patient factors associated with onabotulinum toxin A treatment outcome in women with detrusor overactivity. Neurourol Urodyn. 2017 Feb;36(2):426–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anne M. Suskind.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

Toya S. Pratt declares no potential conflicts of interest.

Anne M. Suskind is a consultant for Acoustic Wave Cell Therapy and received a grant from the NIH/NIA (#R01AG058616-01).

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Voiding Dysfunction

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pratt, T.S., Suskind, A.M. Management of Overactive Bladder in Older Women. Curr Urol Rep 19, 92 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-018-0845-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-018-0845-5

Keywords

Navigation