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Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties and Mechanisms of Inorganic Selenium, Oxo-Sulfur, and Oxo-Selenium Compounds

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Abstract

Inorganic selenium and oxo-sulfur compounds are widely available in dietary supplements and have been extensively studied for their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Although many in vivo and clinical trials have been conducted using these compounds, their biochemical and chemical mechanisms of efficacy are the focus of much current research. This review discusses the ability of inorganic selenium compounds, such as selenite, and selenate, to prevent damage from reactive oxygen species as well as their ability to promote cell death by reactive oxygen species generation. Oxo-sulfur and selenium compounds, such as allicin, dimethyl sulfone, methionine sulfoxide, and methylselenenic acid also have similar abilities to act as both antioxidants and pro-oxidants, but the mechanisms for these behaviors are distinctly different from those of the inorganic selenium compounds. The antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of these small-molecule sulfur and selenium compounds are extremely complex and often greatly depend on experimental conditions, which may explain contradictory literature reports of their efficacy.

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Abbreviations

ACSO:

Alliin, S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide

AGE:

Aged garlic extracts

AIDS:

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

ARC:

AIDS-related complex

[Cu(bipy)2]+ :

Copper (I) bypyridine

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

[Fe(EDTA)]2− :

Iron(II) ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

FMO:

Flavin-containing monooxygenase

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

GSH:

Glutathione

GSSeSG:

Selenoglutathione

GSSe− :

Selenopersulfide anion

GSSH:

Glutathione disulfide

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

H2Se:

Hydrogen selenide

HDL:

High density lipoprotein

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HSC-3:

Human oral squamous carcinoma cells

IC50 :

Concentration required for 50% inhibition of biological activity

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

MeCysSO; MCSO:

Methylcysteine sulfoxide, S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide, methiin

Me2SO2 :

Dimethyl sulfone; methylsulfonyl methane

Met:

Methionine

MePhSO:

Methyl phenyl sulfoxide

MetSO:

Methionine sulfoxide

MetSeO:

Methionine selenoxide

MMTS:

Methyl methane thiosulfonate

MSeA:

Methylseleninic acid

Msr:

Methionine sulfoxide reductase

MsrA:

Methionine sulfoxide reductase A

MsrB:

Methionine sulfoxide reductase B

NADH:

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADP:

Nictotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NADPH:

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Na2Se:

Sodium selenide

Na2SeO3 :

Sodium selenite

Na2SeO4 :

Sodium selenate

3O2:

Triplet oxygen

O •−2 :

Superoxide anion radical

•OH:

Hydroxyl radical

ONOOH:

Peroxynitrous acid

PCSO:

Propiin, S-propyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide

PhSO:

Phenyl sulfoxide

RDA:

Recommended daily allowance

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RSSeSR:

Selenotrisulfide

SAR:

Seasonal allergy rhinitis

Se0 :

Selenium (elemental)

SeCys:

Selenocysteine

SeMet:

Selenomethionine

SELECT:

Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial

SeO2 :

Selenium dioxide

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TEMPO:

2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperdine-1-oxyl

TPCSO:

Isoalliin, S-trans-1-propenyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide

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    Ria R. Ramoutar & Julia L. Brumaghim

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Ramoutar, R.R., Brumaghim, J.L. Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties and Mechanisms of Inorganic Selenium, Oxo-Sulfur, and Oxo-Selenium Compounds. Cell Biochem Biophys 58, 1–23 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-010-9088-x

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