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Stem Cells, Including a Population of Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells, are Mobilized Into Peripheral Blood in Patients After Skin Burn Injury

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Abstract

Background

Developmentally early cells, including hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs), as well as very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), are mobilized into peripheral blood (PB) in response to tissue and organ injury (e.g., heart infarct or stroke).

Objective

We seek to determine whether these cells are also mobilized into PB in patients with skin burn injuries.

Methods

Forty-four (44) patients (33–57 years of age) with total body surface burn area of 30–60%, as well as 23 healthy control subjects, were recruited and PB samples were harvested during the first 24 hours, day +2, and day +5 after burn injury and compared to normal controls. The circulating human CD34+CD133+ cells enriched for HSPCs, as well as small CXCR4+CD34+CD133+ subsets of Lin–CD45– cells that correspond to the population of VSELs, were counted by FACS and evaluated by direct immunofluorescence staining for pluripotency markers (Oct-4, Nanog, and SSEA-4). In parallel, we also measured by ELISA the serum concentration of factors that regulate stem cell trafficking, such as SDF-1, VEGF, and HGF.

Results

Our data indicate that skin burn injury mobilizes cells expressing stem cell-associated markers, such as CD133, CD34, and CXCR4, into PB. More importantly, we found an increase in the number of circulating primitive, small Oct-4+Nanog+SSEA-4+CXCR4+lin–CD45– VSELs. All these changes were accompanied by increased serum concentrations of SDF-1 and VEGF.

Limitations

Further studies are needed to fully assess the role of mobilized stem cells in the healing process to see if they can contribute to skin regeneration.

Conclusion

Skin burn injury triggers the mobilization of HSPCs and CXCR4+ VSELs, while the significance and precise role of mobilized VSELs in skin repair requires further study.

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Disclosures

The authors indicate no potential conflicts of interest.

Founding source

This research was supported by EU structural funds, Innovative Economy Operational Program POIG.01.01.01-00-109/09-01.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Cell &Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30–387, Cracow, Poland

    Justyna Drukała

  2. Laboratory of Cell & Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30–387, Cracow, Poland

    Zbigniew Madeja

  3. Department of Physiopathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland

    Edyta Paczkowska & Bogusław Machaliński

  4. Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 580 S Preston St, Baxter II, Rm 119E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA

    Magda Kucia & Mariusz Z. Ratajczak

  5. Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland

    Magda Kucia & Mariusz Z. Ratajczak

  6. West Pomeranian Heavy Degree Burns Centre in Gryfice, Gryfice, Poland

    Elżbieta Młyńska & Andrzej Krajewski

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  1. Justyna Drukała
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  2. Edyta Paczkowska
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  4. Elżbieta Młyńska
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  8. Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
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Correspondence to Justyna Drukała or Mariusz Z. Ratajczak.

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Drukała, J., Paczkowska, E., Kucia, M. et al. Stem Cells, Including a Population of Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells, are Mobilized Into Peripheral Blood in Patients After Skin Burn Injury. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 8, 184–194 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-011-9272-4

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