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MicroRNAs: Important Regulators of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation and Differentiation

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Abstract

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can differentiate into nearly all types of cells. In contrast to embryonic stem cells, iPS cells are not subject to immune rejection because they are derived from a patient’s own cells without ethical concerns. These cells can be used in regenerative medical techniques, stem cell therapy, disease modelling and drug discovery investigations. However, this application faces many challenges, such as low efficiency, slow generation time, partially reprogrammed colonies and tumourigenicity. Numerous techniques have been formulated in the past decade to improve reprogramming efficiency and safety, including the use of different transcription factors, small molecule compounds and non-coding RNAs. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) were found to promote the generation and differentiation of iPS cells. The miRNAs can more effectively and safely generate iPS cells than transcription factors. This process ultimately leads to the development of iPSC-based therapeutics for future clinical applications. In this comprehensive review, we summarise advances in research and the application of iPS cells, as well as recent progress in the use of miRNAs for iPS cell generation and differentiation. We examine possible clinical applications, especially in cardiology.

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Fig. 1: Production of iPS cells and their applications.
Fig. 2: Delivery methods.
Fig. 3: Schematic of miRNA biogenesis.
Fig. 4: Regulation of miRNAs in iPS cells.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81070221; 81600342) and the Innovative Research Team for Science and Technology in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province and the Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province (No. 15C1201).

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Author notes

  1. Xiao-long Lin contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China

    Zhao-Lin Zeng, Li-Lan Tan, Ya-Mi Liu, Kai Qu & Zuo Wang

  2. Department of Pathology, Huizhou Third People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516002, China

    Xiao-long Lin

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  4. Ya-Mi Liu
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  5. Kai Qu
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  6. Zuo Wang
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Correspondence to Zuo Wang.

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Zeng, ZL., Lin, Xl., Tan, LL. et al. MicroRNAs: Important Regulators of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation and Differentiation. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 14, 71–81 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-017-9785-6

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