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Intrinsic Vascular Repair by Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Acute Coronary Syndromes: an Update Overview

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Abstract

Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a key role in the maintenance of endothelial homeostasis and endothelial repair at areas of vascular damage. The quantification of EPCs in peripheral blood by flow cytometry is a strategy to assess this reparative capacity. The number of circulating EPCs is inversely correlated with the number of cardiovascular risk factors and to the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Therefore, monitoring EPCs levels may provide an accurate assessment of susceptibility to cardiovascular injury, greatly improving risk stratification of patients with high cardiovascular risk, such as those with an acute myocardial infarction. However, there are many issues in the field of EPC identification and quantification that remain unsolved. In fact, there have been conflicting protocols used to the phenotypic identification of EPCs and there is still no consensual immunophenotypical profile that corresponds exactly to EPCs. In this paper we aim to give an overview on EPCs-mediated vascular repair with special focus on acute coronary syndromes and to discuss the different phenotypic profiles that have been used to identify and quantify circulating EPCs in several clinical studies. Finally, we will synthesize evidence on the prognostic role of EPCs in patients with high cardiovascular risk.

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Acknowledgments

It is our privilege to express our sincere acknowledgments to all who helped us to successfully complete this manuscript. The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Contributions

The first draft was written by Leal V. Silva S designed the work. All authors critically revised the manuscript. All gave final approval and agree to be accountable for all aspects of work ensuring integrity and accuracy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Group of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal

    Vânia Leal & Sónia Silva

  2. Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Carlos Fontes Ribeiro, Natália António & Sónia Silva

  3. Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Bárbara Oliveiros

  4. Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Bárbara Oliveiros

  5. Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Bárbara Oliveiros

  6. Cardiology Department, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre, Coimbra, Portugal

    Natália António

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  1. Vânia Leal
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  2. Carlos Fontes Ribeiro
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Correspondence to Vânia Leal.

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Leal, V., Ribeiro, C.F., Oliveiros, B. et al. Intrinsic Vascular Repair by Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Acute Coronary Syndromes: an Update Overview. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 15, 35–47 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-018-9857-2

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