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Migration and Phagocytic Ability of Activated Microglia During Post-natal Development is Mediated by Calcium-Dependent Purinergic Signalling

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Abstract

Microglia play an important role in synaptic pruning and controlled phagocytosis of neuronal cells during developmental stages. However, the mechanisms that regulate these functions are not completely understood. The present study was designed to investigate the role of purinergic signalling in microglial migration and phagocytic activity during post-natal brain development. One-day-old BALB/c mice received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or a purinergic analogue (2-methylthioladenosine-5′-diphosphate; 2MeSADP), intracerebroventrically (i.c.v.). Combined administration of LPS and 2MeSADP resulted in activation of microglia as evident from increased expression of ionised calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1). Activated microglia showed increased expression of purinergic receptors (P2Y2, P2Y6 and P2Y12). LPS either alone or in combination with 2MeSADP induced the expression of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX-1) and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels along with MARCKS-related protein (MRP), which is an integral component of cell migration machinery. In addition, LPS and 2MeSADP administration induced the expression of microglial CD11b and DAP12 (DNAX-activation protein 12), which are known to be involved in phagocytosis of neurons during development. Interestingly, administration of thapsigargin (TG), a specific Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum, prevented the LPS/2MeSADP-induced microglial activation and migration by down-regulating the expression of Iba1 and MRP, respectively. Moreover, TG also reduced the LPS/2MeSADP-induced expression of CD11b/DAP12. Taken together, the findings reveal for the first time that Ca2+-mediated purinergic receptors regulate the migration and phagocytic ability of microglia during post-natal brain development.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Dr. D.S. Kothari Postdoctoral fellowship from the University Grants Commission to A.S. [13-879/2013(BSR)], UGC-SAP and DST-PURSE grants, and Senior research fellowship from Indian Council of Medical Research to S.B. [67/11/2013-Immunology/BMS for].We thank Dr. A.S. Naura for providing primary antibodies, MRP (sc-161829) and DAP12 (sc-166085).

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Authors declare that they have no competing conflict of interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Aditya Sunkaria, Avishek Halder, Aarti Yadav & Rajat Sandhir

  2. Department of Dermatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India

    Supriya Bhardwaj

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Correspondence to Rajat Sandhir.

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Supplementary Figure 1

Sites of I.C.V. injection in the ventricles. Pups were immobilized and cryo-anaesthetised for 1-2 min. A sterilized glass micropipette attached to a 5 μl Hamilton syringe through a long tube was used for injecting various drugs. The needle was inserted 2 mm deep at a location approximately 0.25 mm lateral to the sagittal suture, 0.50–0.75 mm rostral to the neonatal coronary suture. (GIF 7 kb)

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Sunkaria, A., Bhardwaj, S., Halder, A. et al. Migration and Phagocytic Ability of Activated Microglia During Post-natal Development is Mediated by Calcium-Dependent Purinergic Signalling. Mol Neurobiol 53, 944–954 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-014-9064-3

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