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SIRT1 and Neural Cell Fate Determination

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Abstract

During the development of the central nervous system (CNS), neurons and glia are derived from multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) undergoing self-renewal. NSC commitment and differentiation are tightly controlled by intrinsic and external regulatory mechanisms in space- and time-related fashions. SIRT1, a silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) ortholog, is expressed in several areas of the brain and has been reported to be involved in the self-renewal, multipotency, and fate determination of NSCs. Recent studies have highlighted the role of the deacetylase activity of SIRT1 in the determination of the final fate of NSCs. This review summarizes the roles of SIRT1 in the expansion and differentiation of NSCs, specification of neuronal subtypes and glial cells, and reprogramming of functional neurons from embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts. This review also discusses potential signaling pathways through which SIRT1 can exhibit versatile functions in NSCs to regulate the cell fate decisions of neurons and glia.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. (81371197, 31271051), Natural Science Foudation Project of CQ CSTC 2013jjB10028.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China

    Yulong Cai, Le Xu & Xiaotang Fan

  2. Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China

    Haiwei Xu

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  1. Yulong Cai
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  2. Le Xu
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  3. Haiwei Xu
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  4. Xiaotang Fan
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Correspondence to Haiwei Xu or Xiaotang Fan.

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Cai, Y., Xu, L., Xu, H. et al. SIRT1 and Neural Cell Fate Determination. Mol Neurobiol 53, 2815–2825 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9158-6

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