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Does malaria epidemiology project Cameroon as ‘Africa in miniature’?

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Abstract

Cameroon, a west-central African country with a ~20 million population, is commonly regarded as ‘Africa in miniature’ due to the extensive biological and cultural diversities of whole Africa being present in a single-country setting. This country is inhabited by ancestral human lineages in unique eco-climatic conditions and diverse topography. Over 90% Cameroonians are at risk of malaria infection, and ~41% have at least one episode of malaria each year. Historically, the rate of malaria infection in Cameroon has fluctuated over the years; the number of cases was about 2 million in 2010 and 2011. The Cameroonian malaria control programme faces an uphill task due to high prevalence of multidrug-resistant parasites and insecticide-resistant malaria vectors. Above all, continued human migration from the rural to urban areas as well as population exchange with adjoining countries, high rate of ecological instabilities caused by deforestation, poor housing, lack of proper sanitation and drainage system might have resulted in the recent increase in incidences of malaria and other vector-borne diseases in Cameroon. The available data on eco-environmental variability and intricate malaria epidemiology in Cameroon reflect the situation in the whole of Africa, and warrant the need for in-depth study by using modern surveillance tools for meaningful basic understanding of the malaria triangle (host-parasite-vector-environment).

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Director, National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR), for providing facilities. HGMN thanks the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), New Delhi, India, and the World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), Trieste, Italy, for the award of Postgraduate Fellowship, and Louis Bengyella Bengyella, Cameroonian DBT-TWAS PhD Fellow, University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India, for useful suggestions. GA thanks the ICMR (New Delhi, India) for a Senior Research Fellowship and the IIT Bombay (Mumbai, India) for a Research Associateship. HGMN is thankful to Professor Usha Muraleedharan, Head of the Department of Biotechnology, Goa University (GU), and the Vice Chancellor, GU, for encouragement and help rendered during the course of Ph. D. studentship at the GU.

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  1. Gauri Awasthi

    Present address: Malaria Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Evolutionary Genomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Division of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, 110 077, India

    Huguette Gaelle Ngassa Mbenda, Gauri Awasthi & Aparup Das

  2. World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, India

    Poonam K Singh

  3. Nutrition and Health Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

    Inocent Gouado

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  1. Huguette Gaelle Ngassa Mbenda
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Corresponding editor: Sudha Bhattacharya

[Mbenda HGN, Awasthi G, Singh PK, Gouado I and Das A 2014 Does malaria epidemiology project Cameroon as ‘Africa in miniature’? J. Biosci. 39 1–11] DOI 10.1007/s12038-014-9451-y

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Mbenda, H.G.N., Awasthi, G., Singh, P.K. et al. Does malaria epidemiology project Cameroon as ‘Africa in miniature’?. J Biosci 39, 727–738 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-014-9451-y

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