Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Alterations of relative muscle contribution induced by hemiplegia: Straight and turning gaits

  • Published:
International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Little information is available about the characteristics in the turning gait of hemiplegic elderly, which occurs frequently in daily life. It is also difficult to examine the altered characteristics due purely to hemiplegia because of no consideration of aging-related factors. The aim of this study was to identify the altered characteristics of relative muscle activation in both straight and turning gaits together due to hemiplegia, through comparing healthy and hemiplegic elderly. Six healthy elderly and six hemiplegic elderly were participated. The center of body mass (COM) and the lower extremity joint angles were measured during straight and turning gaits at self-selected speed, using a motion capture system. A surface wireless electromyogram (EMG) system was used together to identify muscle contributions. Mediolateral (ML) sways of upper-body in hemiplegic elderly were ~174% for straight gait and ~26% for turning gait. Lower extremity joint angles in hemiplegic elderly were generally reduced by ~60-70% for both gaits. Muscle co-activation and relative muscle contributions were generally altered at all phases in hemiplegic elderly, but the patterns were different between straight and turning gaits. This study confirmed that the ML sways of hemiplegic elderly moved towards the non-paretic side more and joint angles showed large decreases. Muscles acted with different contributions, depending on the gait.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Winters, T., Gage, J., and Hicks, R., “Gait Patterns in Spastic Hemiplegia in Children and Young Adults,” The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol. 69, No. 3, pp. 437–441, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Mukherjee, D. and Patil, C. G., “Epidemiology and the Global Burden of Stroke,” World Neurosurgery, Vol. 76, No. 6, pp. S85–S90, 2011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Buschbacher, R., “Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Board Review,” LWW, p. 25, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  4. National Institutes of Health, “Stroke: Challenges, Progress, and Promise,” http://catalog.ninds.nih.gov/pubstatic//09-6451/09-6451. pdf (Accessed 17 JUL 2015)

  5. National Stroke Association, “National Stroke Association’s Guide to Choosing Stroke Rehabilitation Services,” http://www.carf.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=22449 (Accessed 17 JUL 2015)

  6. Safizadeh, M., Hussein, M., Yaacob, M., Zain, M. M., Abdullah, M., et al., “Kinematic Analysis of Powered Lower Limb Orthoses for Gait Rehabilitation of Hemiplegic and Hemiparetic Patients,” International Journal of Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 490–498, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Lim, D., Kim, C., Jung, H., Jung, D., and Chun, K. J., “Use of the Microsoft Kinect System to Characterize Balance Ability during Balance Training,” Clinical Interventions in Aging, Vol. 10, pp. 1077–1083, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Boudarham, J., Roche, N., Pradon, D., Bonnyaud, C., Bensmail, D., and Zory, R., “Variations in Kinematics during Clinical Gait Analysis in Stroke Patients,” PLOS ONE, Vol. 8, No. 6, Paper No. e66421, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bensoussan, L., Mesure, S., Viton, J., Curvale, G., and Delarque, A., “Temporal, Kinetic and Kinematic Asymmetry in Gait Initiation in One Subject with Hemiplegia,” Annales de Réadaptation et de Médecine Physique, Vol. 47, No. 9, pp. 611–620, 2004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Higginson, J., Zajac, F., Neptune, R., Kautz, S., and Delp, S., “Muscle Contributions to Support during Gait in an Individual with Post-Stroke Hemiparesis,” Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 39, No. 10, pp. 1769–1777, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kleindorfer, D., Lindsell, C. J., Moomaw, C. J., Alwell, K., Woo, D., et al., “Which Stroke Symptoms Prompt a 911 Call? A Populationbased Study,” The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 607–612, 2010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Den Otter, A., Geurts, A., Mulder, T., and Duysens, J., “Abnormalities in the Temporal Patterning of Lower Extremity Muscle Activity in Hemiparetic Gait,” Gait & Posture, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 342–352, 2007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Huang, H. C., Gau, M. L., Lin, W. C., and George, K., “Assessing Risk of Falling in Older Adults,” Public Health Nursing, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 399–411, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Seo, J. H., Ko, M. H., and Kim, Y. H., “The Effects of Shoes Modification on Energy Consumption in Hemiplegic Gait,” Journal of Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 17–23, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Choi, J. W., Kim, S. J., Koh, S. B., and Yoon, J. S., “The Result of Gait Analysis of Hemiplegic Patients with the Newly-Developed Three Dimensional Electrogoniometer Domotion?” Korean Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 35–38, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mulroy, S., Gronley, J., Weiss, W., Newsam, C., and Perry, J., “Use of Cluster Analysis for Gait Pattern Classification of Patients in the Early and Late Recovery Phases Following Stroke,” Gait & Posture, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 114–125, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kollen, B., Kwakkel, G., and Lindeman, E., “Hemiplegic Gait After Stroke: Is Measurement of Maximum Speed Required?” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol. 87, No. 3, pp. 358–363, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Guo, Y., Zhao, G., Liu, Q., Mei, Z., Ivanov, K., and Wang, L., “Balance and Knee Extensibility Evaluation of Hemiplegic Gait using an Inertial Body Sensor Network,” Biomedical Engineering Online, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 83, 2013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Orendurff, M. S., Segal, A. D., Berge, J. S., Flick, K. C., Spanier, D., and Klute, G. K., “The Kinematics and Kinetics of Turning: Limb Asymmetries Associated with Walking a Circular Path,” Gait & Posture, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 106–111, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Segal, A. D., Orendurff, M. S., Czerniecki, J. M., Shofer, J. B., and Klute, G. K., “Local Dynamic Stability in Turning and Straight-Line Gait,” Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 41, No. 7, pp. 1486–1493, 2008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hong, S. Y. and Lee, J. W., “The Relationship Between Visual Perception Ability and Balance Ability in Hemiplegic Patient,” Journal of the Korean Society of Occupational Therapy, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 63–71, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Morgan, P., “The Relationship between Sitting Balance and Mobility Outcome in Stroke,” Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 91–96, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Cwikel, J., Fried, A., Galinsky, D., and Ring, H., “Gait and Activity in the Elderly: Implications for Community Falls-Prevention and Treatment Programmes,” Disability & Rehabilitation, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 277–280, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Perry, J. and Davids, J. R., “Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function,” Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Vol. 12, No. 6, p. 815, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Fukuda, T. Y., Echeimberg, J. O., Pompeu, J. E., Lucareli, P. R. G., Garbelotti, S., et al., “Root Mean Square Value of the Electromyographic Signal in the Isometric Torque of the Quadriceps, Hamstrings and Brachial Biceps Muscles in Female Subjects,” The Journal of Applied Research, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 32–39, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Fee, J. W. and Miller, F., “A Critical Review and Proposed Improvement in the Assessment of Muscle Interactions using Surface EMG,” INTECH Open Access Publisher, pp. 3–16, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Winter, D. A., “Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Gait: Normal, Elderly and Pathological,” Transport Research Laboratory, p. 143, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Voigt, M. and Sinkjær, T., “Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of the Walking Pattern in Hemiplegic Patients with Foot-Drop using a Peroneal Nerve Stimulator,” Clinical Biomechanics, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 340–351, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Stewart, C., Postans, N., Schwartz, M. H., Rozumalski, A., and Roberts, A., “An Exploration of the Function of the Triceps Surae during Normal Gait using Functional Electrical Stimulation,” Gait & Posture, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 482–488, 2007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Anderson, F. C. and Pandy, M. G., “Individual Muscle Contributions to Support in Normal Walking,” Gait & Posture, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 159–169, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Fisher, S. V. and Gullickson, G., “Energy Cost of Ambulation in Health and Disability: A Literature Review,” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 124–133, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Winter, D. A., “Human Balance and Posture Control during Standing and Walking,” Gait & Posture, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 193–214, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Murray, M. P., “Gait as a Total Pattern of Movement: Including a Bibliography on Gait,” American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 290–333, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Murray, M. P., Kory, R. C., and Clarkson, B. H., “Walking Patterns in Healthy Old Men,” Journal of Gerontology, No. 24, pp. 169–178, 1969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Sutherland, D. H. and Olshen, R., “The Development of Mature Walking,” Cambridge University Press, pp. 178–182, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Kirtley, C., “Clinical Gait Analysis: Theory and Practice,” Elsevier Health Sciences, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Lacuesta, J. J. S., Prat, J., and Sánchez-Lacuesta, J., “Biomecánica de la Marcha Humana Normal y Patológica,” Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, p. 448, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143–747, South Korea

    Hohyun Jung, Bumkee Lee & Dohyung Lim

  2. Korea Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Engineering Center, 26, Gyeongin-ro 10beon-gil, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 403-120, South Korea

    ChangYong Ko

  3. Department of Biomedical Materials, Konyang University, 121, Daehak-ro, Nonsan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 320-711, South Korea

    Jung Sung Kim

Authors
  1. Hohyun Jung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. ChangYong Ko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jung Sung Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Bumkee Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Dohyung Lim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dohyung Lim.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jung, H., Ko, C., Kim, J.S. et al. Alterations of relative muscle contribution induced by hemiplegia: Straight and turning gaits. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 16, 2219–2227 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-015-0286-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-015-0286-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation