Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Mindful Parenting Assessed Further: Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IM-P)

  • ORIGINAL PAPER
  • Published:
Mindfulness Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IM-P) were studied in a general population sample of mothers of adolescents (n = 866) (study 1). A six-factor structure (29 items) emerged using exploratory factor analysis. A main difference from the original IM-P was that aspects of compassion and emotional awareness were separated into different factors for the self and the child, instead of combined into one factor. In a second general population sample of mothers of adolescents (n = 199), the six-factor structure was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis (study 2). The proposed 29-item version of the IM-P and its subscales were shown to have good internal consistencies, apart from the sixth factor. As expected, a high correlation was found with general mindfulness questionnaires (FFMQ and FMI). Furthermore, the IM-P correlated positively as expected with quality of life and optimism and negatively with depression and dysfunctional parenting styles. These expected indications of construct validity were found in study 2, as well as in mothers (n = 112) of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (study 3) which was added to examine whether the Dutch version of the IM-P was also valid in a pediatric population. Overall, these three studies present good psychometric properties of the Dutch translation of the first measure of mindful parenting.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson, B. J., Brackett, J., Ho, J., & Laffel, L. M. (1999). An office-based intervention to maintain parent-adolescent teamwork in diabetes management. Impact on parent involvement, family conflict, and subsequent glycemic control. Diabetes Care, 22, 713–721.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, B. J., Vangsness, L., Connell, A., Butler, D., Goebel-Fabbri, A., & Laffel, L. M. (2002). Family conflict, adherence, and glycaemic control in youth with short duration type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Medicine, 19, 635–642.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, D. S., O’Leary, S. G., Wolff, L. S., & Acker, M. M. (1993). The parenting scale: A measure of dysfunctional parenting in discipline situations. Psychological Assessment, 5, 137–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 125–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., et al. (2008). Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment, 15, 329–342.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baer, R.A., Lykins, E.L.B., & Peters, J.R. (2012). Mindfulness and self-compassion as predictors of psychological well-being in long-term meditators and matched non-meditators. Journal of Positive Psychology 7:230-238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bögels, S. M., Hoogstad, B., van Dun, L., de Schutter, S., & Restifo, K. (2008). Mindfulness training for adolescents with externalizing disorders and their parents. Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36, 193–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bögels, S. M., Lehtonen, A., & Restifo, K. (2010). Mindful parenting in mental health care. Mindfulness, 1, 107–120.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, K. W., West, A. M., Loverich, T. M., & Biegel, G. M. (2011). Assessing adolescent mindfulness: Validation of an adapted mindful attention awareness scale in adolescent normative and psychiatric populations. Psychological Assessment. doi:10.1037/a0021338.

  • Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavior Medicine, 31, 23–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coatsworth, J. D., Duncan, L. G., Greenberg, M. T., & Nix, R. L. (2010). Changing parent’s mindfulness, child management skills and relationship quality with their youth: Results form a randomized pilot intervention trial. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 203–217.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • De Bruin, E. I., Zijlstra, B. J. H., Van de Weijer-Bergsma, E., & Bögels, S. M. (2011). The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale for Adolescents (MAAS-A): Psychometric properties in a Dutch sample. Mindfulness, 2, 201–211.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • De Bruin, E. I., Topper, M., Muskens, J. G. A. M., Kamphuis, J. H., & Bögels, S. M. (2012). Psychometric properties of the Dutch five facets mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ-NL) in a meditating and a non-meditating sample. Assessment, 19, 187–197.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, L.G. (2007). Assessment of mindful parenting among parents of early adolescents: Development and validation of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale. Unpublished dissertation. The Pennsylvania State University.

  • Duncan, L. G., Coatsworth, J. D., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009). A model of mindful parenting: Implications for parent–child relationships and prevention research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 12, 255–270.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57, 35–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, R., & Mendius, R. (2009). Buddha’s brain. The practical neuroscience of happiness, love and wisdom. Oakland: New Harbinger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kabat-Zinn, M., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (1997). Everyday blessings: The inner work of mindful parenting. New York: Hyperion.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keng, S., Smoski, J. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011). Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies. Clinical Psychology Review. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006.

  • Kuyken, W., Byford, S., Taylor, R. S., Watkins, E., Holden, E., White, K., et al. (2008). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to prevent relapse in recurrent depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 966–978.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laffel, L., Pasquarello, C., & Lawlor, M. (2005). Treatment of the child and adolescent with diabetes. In C. R. Kahn (Ed.), Joslin’s diabetes mellitus (pp. 711–732). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neff, K. D. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neff, K. D. (2003b). Development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the life orientation test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063–1107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression. A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, S. L., Astin, J. A., Bishop, S. R., & Cordova, M. (2005). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for health care professionals: Results for a randomized trial. International Journal of Stress Management, 12, 164–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Winton, A. S. W., Fisher, B. C., Wahler, R. G., McAleavy, K., et al. (2006). Mindful parenting decreases aggression, noncompliance, and self-injury in children with autism. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 14, 169–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, N. N., Singh, A. N., Lancioni, G. E., Singh, J., Winton, A. S. W., Singh, J., et al. (2009). Mindfulness training for parents and their children with ADHD increases the children’s compliance. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 157–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skevington, S. M., Lotfy, M., & O’Connel, K. A. (2004). The World Health Organization’s WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: Psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A report from the WHOQOL Group. Quality of Life Research, 13, 299–310.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, J. (1996). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tak, Y. R., Van Zundert, R. M. P., Kuijpers, R. C. W. M., Van Vlokhoven, B. S., Rensink, H. F. W., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2012). A randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of a universal school-based depression prevention program ‘Op Volle Kracht’ in The Netherlands. BMC Public Health, 12, 21.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Trompenaars, F. J., Masthoff, E. D., Van Heck, G. L., Hodiamont, P. P., & De Vries, J. (2005). Content validity, construct validity, and reliability of the WHOQOL-Bref in a population of Dutch adult psychiatric outpatients. Quality of Life Research, 14, 151–160.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van de Weijer-Bergsma, E., Formsma, A. R., De Bruin, E. I., & Bögels, S. M. (2011). The effectiveness of mindfulness training on behavioral problems and attentional functioning in adolescents with ADHD and their parents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20, 171–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Does, A. J. W. (2002). BDI-II-NL. Handleiding. De Nederlandse versie van de beck depression inventory (2nd ed.). Lisse: Harcourt Test Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Oord, S., Bögels, S. M., & Peijnenburg, D. (2011). The effectiveness of mindfulness training for children with ADHD and mindful parenting for their parents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21, 139–147.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Walach, H., Buchheld, N., Buttenmuller, V., Kleinknecht, N., & Schmidt, S. (2006). Measuring mindfulness—The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1543–1555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WHOQOL Group. (1998). Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. The WHOQOL Group. Psychological Medicine, 28, 551–558.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Sophie Bodeving and Juliette Winters for their valuable help in data collection for this project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, 1018 VZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Esther I. de Bruin, Bonne J. H. Zijlstra, Eva van de Weijer-Bergsma & Susan M. Bögels

  2. Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Naline Geurtzen & Rinka M. P. van Zundert

  3. Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands

    Esther E. Hartman & Anke M. Nieuwesteeg

  4. Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Larissa G. Duncan

Authors
  1. Esther I. de Bruin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bonne J. H. Zijlstra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Naline Geurtzen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rinka M. P. van Zundert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Eva van de Weijer-Bergsma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Esther E. Hartman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Anke M. Nieuwesteeg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Larissa G. Duncan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Susan M. Bögels
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Esther I. de Bruin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

de Bruin, E.I., Zijlstra, B.J.H., Geurtzen, N. et al. Mindful Parenting Assessed Further: Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IM-P). Mindfulness 5, 200–212 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0168-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0168-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation