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Analyses des réponses IgG dirigées contre des antigènes candidats vaccins dans le paludisme urbain non aggravé à Dakar (Sénégal) : variations suivant l’âge et les densités parasitaires

IgG responses to candidate malaria vaccine antigens in the urban area of Dakar (Senegal): evolution according to age and parasitemia in patients with mild symptoms

  • Parasitologie / Parasitology
  • Published:
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique

Résumé

L’évaluation de la spécificité des IgG anti-plasmodium vis-à-vis d’antigènes candidats vaccins a rarement porté sur le paludisme urbain dont les accès cliniques couvrent toutes les classes d’âge et peuvent devenir sévères. Cette étude rétrospective évalue par ELISA les taux d’IgG et de sous-classes d’IgG contre les protéines MSP1p19, MSP3, EB200, GST-5 et R23 de P. falciparum. Elle a été faite chez 200 patients dakarois consultant pour un accès palustre non aggravé. Un âge moyen de 15 ans (4 à 56 ans) et des parasitémies entre 0,1 et 17 % ont été retrouvés. Les taux d’IgG anti-MSP3 sont très élevés chez les patients faiblement parasités (≤ 1 %) et apparaissent négativement corrélés aux densités parasitaires (Rho =.0,54 ; p =0,021). Cette corrélation est plus forte chez les enfants (≤15 ans). Une hausse des IgG anti-MSP1p19 chez les adultes à faibles parasitémies (< 1 %) (p = 0,021) avec prédominance de la sous classe IgG1 (p<0,01) a été aussi retrouvée. Ces résultats montrent l’existence d’une association entre réponses Ac et parasitémies dépendante des IgG anti-MSP3 chez les enfants et des IgG anti-MSP1p19 chez les adultes en milieu urbain.

Abstract

Malaria remains a major problem in African countries despite substantial decreases in morbidity and mortality due to sustained control programs. Studies for the evaluation of qualitative or quantitative Ab responses to key targets of anti-plasmodium immunity were mostly done in rural endemic setting compared to urban area. In a cohort of 200 patients with mild malaria and living in Dakar, we analyze total and subclasses IgG responses to a panel of P. falciparum blood stage antigens: MSP1p19, MSP3, EB200, GST-5 and R23. A mean age of 15 yrs (4 to 56 yrs) and parasitemia between 0.1 to 17% were found. Levels of IgG anti-MSP3 were higher in patients with low parasitemia (≤1 %) and appear negatively correlated to parasite densities (Rho =. 0.54; p= 0.021). This correlation is more significant in children (≤ 15 yrs). In addition, an increase of IgG responses against MSP1p19 is highly observed in adults having a parasitemia less than 1 %. In those patients, we find that IgG1 subclasses were predominant (p <0.01). Our study shows an association between Ab responses and parasitemia. This association is dependant to IgG anti-MSP3 in children and IgG anti-MSP1p19 in adults living in urban area.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Service d’immunologie UCAD FMPO, Dakar, Sénégal

    B. Mbengue, M. Sylla Niang, A. Touré, R. Perraut & A. Dièye

  2. Unité d’immunogénétique Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal

    B. Mbengue, R. Ndiaye Diallo, G. Diop, A. Thiam, O. Ka & A. Dièye

  3. Unité d’épidémiologie Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal

    A. Tall

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  1. B. Mbengue
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  2. M. Sylla Niang
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  3. R. Ndiaye Diallo
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  4. G. Diop
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  5. A. Thiam
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  6. O. Ka
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  7. A. Touré
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  8. A. Tall
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  9. R. Perraut
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  10. A. Dièye
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Correspondence to B. Mbengue.

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Mbengue, B., Sylla Niang, M., Ndiaye Diallo, R. et al. Analyses des réponses IgG dirigées contre des antigènes candidats vaccins dans le paludisme urbain non aggravé à Dakar (Sénégal) : variations suivant l’âge et les densités parasitaires. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 108, 94–101 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-015-0419-4

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