Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Association of tomato leaf curl Sudan virus with leaf curl disease of tomato in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

  • Original Article
  • Published:
VirusDisease Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Tomato is an important vegetable crop and its production is adversely affected by leaf curl disease caused by begomovirus. Leaf curl disease is a serious concern for tomato crops caused by begomovirus in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tomato leaf curl disease has been shown to be mainly caused either by tomato leaf curl Sudan virus or tomato yellow leaf curl virus as well as tomato leaf curl Oman virus. Many tomato plants infected with monopartite begomoviruses were also found to harbor a symptom enhancing betasatellites. Here we report the association of tomato leaf curl Sudan virus causing leaf curl disease of tomato in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The complete genome sequence analysis showed highest (99.9 %) identity with tomato leaf curl Sudan virus causing leaf curl disease in Arabian Peninsula. In phylogenetic relationships analysis, the identified virus formed closest cluster with tomato leaf curl Sudan virus. In recombination analysis study, the major parent was identified as tomato leaf curl Sudan virus. Findings of this study strongly supports the associated virus is a variant of tomato leaf curl Sudan virus causing disease in Sudan, Yemen and Arabian Peninsula. The betasatellites sequence analysis showed highest identity (99.8 %) with tomato leaf curl betasatellites-Amaranthus-Jeddah. The phylogenetic analysis result based on betasatellites formed closed cluster with tomato yellow leaf curl Oman betasatellites. The importance of these findings and occurrence of begomovirus in new geographic regions causing leaf curl disease of tomato in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ajlan AM, Ghanem GAM, Abdulsalam KS. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in Saudi Arabia: identification, partial characterization and virus–vector relationship. Arab J Biotech. 2007;10:179–92.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Akhtar S, Khan AJ, Singh AK, Briddon RW. Identification of a disease complex involving a novel monopartite begomovirus with beta-and alpha satellites associated with okra leaf curl disease in Oman. Arch Virol. 2014;159:1199–205.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Al-Saleh MA, Al-Shahwan IM, Brown JK, Idris AM. Molecular characterization of a naturally occurring interspecific recombinant begomovirus with close relatives widespread in southern Arabia. Virol J. 2014;11:103.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Briddon RW, Mansoor S, Bedford ID, Pinner MS, Saunders K, Stanley J, Zafar Y, Malik KA, Markham PG. Identification of DNA components required for induction of cotton leaf curl disease. Virology. 2001;285:234–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Briddon RW, Bull SE, Mansoor S, Amin I, Markham PG. Universal primers for the PCR-mediated amplification of DNA b, a molecule associated with some monopartite begomoviruses. Mol Biotech. 2002;20:315–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Briddon RW, Bull SE, Amin I, Idris AM, Mansoor S, Bedford ID, Dhawan P, Rishi N, Siwatch SS, Abdel-Salam AM. Diversity of DNA β: a satellite molecule associated with some monopartite begomoviruses. Virology. 2003;312:106–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Brown JK, Zerbini FM, Castillo JN, Moriones E, Sobrinho RR, Silva JCF, Olive EF, Briddon RW, Zepeda CHN, Idris A, Malathi VG, Martin DP, Bustamante RR, Ueda S, Varsani A. Revision of begomovirus taxonomy based on pairwise sequence comparisons. Arch Virol. 2015;60:1593–619.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Duffy S, Holmes EC. Phylogenetic evidence for rapid rates of molecular evolution in the single-stranded DNA begomovirus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus. J Virol. 2008;82:957–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Group GS. New species and revised taxonomy proposal for the genus Begomovirus (Geminiviridae): phylogenetic and pairwise distance analysis using the same approach as implemented for the genera Mastrevirus and Curtovirus in the same family, vol. 2014; ICTV.

  10. Hall TA. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser. 1999;41:95–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Hanssen IM, Lapidot M, Thomma BPHJ. Emerging viral diseases of tomato crops. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact. 2010;23:539–48.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hosseinzadeh MR, Bakhsh MS, Osaloo SK, Brown JK. Phylogenetic relationships, recombination analysis, and genetic variability among diverse variants of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Iran and the Arabian Peninsula: further support for a TYLCV center of diversity. Arch Virol. 2014;159:485–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. http://www.factfish.com/statistic-country/saudi+arabia/tomatoes,+production+quantity. Accessed 30 Dec 2015.

  14. Idris AM, Brown JK. Evidence for interspecific-recombination for three monopartite begomoviral genomes associated with the tomato leaf curl disease from central Sudan. Arch Virol. 2005;150:1003–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Idris AM, Shahid MS, Briddon RW, Khan AJ, Zhu JK, Brown JK. An unusual alpha satellite associated with monopartite begomoviruses attenuates symptoms and reduces betasatellite accumulation. J Gen Virol. 2011;92:706–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Idris AM, Abdullah NM, Brown JK. Leaf curl diseases of two Solanaceous species in Southwest Arabia are caused by a monopartite begomovirus evolutionarily most closely related to a species from the Nile Basin and unique suite of betasatellites. Virus Res. 2012;169:296–300.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Idris AM, Al-Saleh Piatek MJ, Al-Shahwan I, Ali S, Brown JK. Viral metagenomics: analysis of begomoviruses by illumina high-throughput sequencing. Viruses. 2014;6:1219–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Kenyon L, Tsai WS, Shih SL, Lee LM. Emergence and diversity of begomoviruses infecting Solanaceous crops in East and Southeast Asia. Virus Res. 2014;186:104–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Khan AJ, Idris AM, Al-Saady NA, Al-Mahruki MS, Al-Subhi AM, Brown JK. A divergent isolate of tomato yellow leaf curl virus from Oman with an associated DNA beta satellite: an evolutionary link between Asian and the Middle Eastern virus-satellite complexes. Virus Genes. 2008;36:169–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Khan AJ, Akhtar S, Singh AK, Briddon RW. A distinct strain of tomato leaf curl Sudan virus causes tomato leaf curl disease in Oman. Plant Dis. 2013;97:1396–402.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Khan AJ, Akhtar S, Al-Zaidia AM, Singh AK, Briddon RW. Genetic diversity and distribution of a distinct strain of Chili leaf curl virus and associated betasatellite infecting tomato and pepper in Oman. Virus Res. 2013;177:87–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Khan AJ, Mansoor S, Briddon RW. Oman: a case for a sink of begomoviruses of geographically diverse origins. Trends Plant Sci. 2014;19:67–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Martin DP, Murrell B, Golden M, Khoosal A, Muhire B. RDP4: detection and analysis of recombination patterns in virus genomes. Virus Evol. 2015;1:vev003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Muhire BM, Varsani A, Martin DP. SDT: a virus classification tool based on pairwise sequence alignment and identity calculation. PLoS One. 2014;9:e108277. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108277.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Porebski S, Bailey LG, Baum BR. Modification of a CTAB DNA extraction protocol for plants containing high polysaccharide and polyphenol components. Plant Mol Biol Rep. 1997;15:8–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Sivalingam PN, Malathi VG, Varma A. Molecular diversity of the DNA-beta satellites associated with tomato leaf curl disease in India. Arch Virol. 2010;155:757–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S. MEGA, 6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol. 2013;30:2725–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Ueda S, Onuki M, Hanada K, Takanami Y. Unique grouping of the Far East Asian begomovirus complex based on sequence analyses of the DNA-A genome and associated DNA satellite molecules isolated from tomato, honeysuckle and Eupatorium plants in Japan. Arch Virol. 2008;153:417–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Varsani A, Navaz-Castillo J, Moriones E, Hernández-Zepeda C, Idris A, Brown JK, Zerbini FM, Martin DP. Establishment of three new genera in the family Geminiviridae: Becurtovirus, Eragrovirus and Turncurtovirus. Arch Virol. 2014;159:2193–203.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Wener ZH. Importance of the tomato. http://www.agrisupportonline.com/Articles. Accessed 30 Dec 2015.

  31. Xie Y, Wu P, Liu P, Gong H, Zhou X. Characterization of alphasatellites associated with monopartite begomovirus/betasatellite complexes in Yunnan, China. Virol J. 2010;7:178.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Author would like to thank General Directorate of Research Grants (GDRG), King Abdulaziz City for science and technology (KACST-Riyadh) for providing large grant, bearing number: AT-66-34. Author would like to gratefully acknowledge the research facility provided by Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No. 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Sayed Sartaj Sohrab, Muhammad Yasir, Sherif Ali El-Kafrawy & Ayman T. Abbas

  2. Faculty of Metrology and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Magdi Ali Ahmed Mousa & Ahmed A. Bakhashwain

  3. Department of Horticulture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

    Magdi Ali Ahmed Mousa

Authors
  1. Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Muhammad Yasir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sherif Ali El-Kafrawy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ayman T. Abbas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Magdi Ali Ahmed Mousa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ahmed A. Bakhashwain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sayed Sartaj Sohrab.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sohrab, S.S., Yasir, M., El-Kafrawy, S.A. et al. Association of tomato leaf curl Sudan virus with leaf curl disease of tomato in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. VirusDis. 27, 145–153 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-016-0308-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-016-0308-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation