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Emerging Applications of Optical Fiber-Based Devices for Brain Research

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Abstract

Research in neuroscience and neuroengineering has attracted tremendous interest in the past decades. However, the complexity of the brain tissue, in terms of its structural, chemical, mechanical, and optical properties, makes the interrogation of biophysical and biochemical signals within the brain of living animals extremely challenging. As a viable and versatile tool for brain studies, optical fiber based technologies have provided exceptional opportunities to unravel the mysteries of the brain and open the door for clinical applications in the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of neurological diseases. Typically, optical fibers with diameters from 10 to 1000 μm are capable of guiding and delivering light to deep levels of the living tissue. Moreover, small dimensions of such devices along with their flexibility and light weight paved the way for understanding the complex behaviours of living and freely moving mammals. This article provides a review of the emerging applications of optical fibers in neuroscience, specifically in the mammalian brain. Representative utilities, including optogenetics, fluorescence sensing, drug administration and phototherapy, are highlighted. We also discuss other biological applications of such implantable fibers, which may provide insights into the future study of brain. It is envisioned that these and other optical fiber based techniques offer a powerful platform for multi-functional neural activity sensing and modulation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (61874064, X.S.), Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (4202032), the Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Tsinghua University, and the Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNR2019ZS01005).

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  1. Roya Nazempour and Bozhen Zhang contributed equally to the work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronic Engineering, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing National Research Centre for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Roya Nazempour, Zhongyin Ye & Xing Sheng

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 10084, China

    Bozhen Zhang & Lan Yin

  3. Neurosurgery Department, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China

    Zhongyin Ye & Xianli Lv

Authors
  1. Roya Nazempour
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  2. Bozhen Zhang
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  3. Zhongyin Ye
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  4. Lan Yin
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  5. Xianli Lv
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  6. Xing Sheng
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Correspondence to Xing Sheng.

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Nazempour, R., Zhang, B., Ye, Z. et al. Emerging Applications of Optical Fiber-Based Devices for Brain Research. Adv. Fiber Mater. 4, 24–42 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-021-00092-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-021-00092-w

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