REFERENCES
S. V. Ambudkar, S. Dey, C. A. Hrycyna, M. Ramachandra, I. Pastan, and M. M. Gottesman. Biochemical, cellular, and pharmacological aspects of the multidrug transporter. Annu.Rev.Pharmacol.Toxicol. 39:361-398 (1999).
F. Thiebaut, T. Tsuruo, H. Hamada, M. M. Gottesman, I. Pastan, and M. C. Willingham. Cellular localization of the multidrugresistance gene product P-glycoprotein in normal human tissues. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 84:7735-7738 (1987).
N. Kioka, J. Tsubota, Y. Kakehi, T. Komano, M. M. Gottesman, I. Pastan, and K. Ueda. P-glycoprotein gene (MDR1) cDNA from human adrenal: Normal P-glycoprotein carries Gly185 with an altered pattern of multidrug resistance. Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 162:224-231 (1989).
L. A. Mickley, J. S. Lee, Z. Weng, Z. Zhan, M. Alvarez, W. Wilson, S. E. Bates, and T. Fojo. Genetic polymorphism in MDR-1: A tool for examining allelic expression in normal cells, unselected and drug-selected cell lines, and human tumors. Blood 91:1749-1756 (1998).
S. Hoffmeyer, O. Burk, O. von Richter, H. P. Arnord, J. Brockmoller, A. Johne, I. Cascorbi, T. Gerloff, I. Roots, M. Eichelbaum, and U. Brinkmann. Functional polymorphisms of the human multidrug-resistance gene: Multiple sequence variations and correlation of one allele with P-glycoprotein expression and activity in vivo. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 92:3473-3478 (2000).
S. Ito, I. Ieiri, M. Tanabe, A. Suzuki, S. Higuchi, and K. Otsubo. Polymorphism of the ABC transporter genes, MDR1, MRP1 and MRP2/cMOAT, in healthy Japanese subjects. Pharmacogenetics 11:175-184 (2001).
M. Tanabe, I. Ieiri, N. Nagata, K. Inoue, S. Ito, Y. Kanamori, M. Takahashi, Y. Kurata, J. Kigawa, S. Higuchi, N. Terakawa, and K. Otsubo. Expression of P-glycoprotein in human placenta: relation to genetic polymorphism of the multidrug resistance (MDR)-1 gene. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 297:1137-1143 (2001).
M. Hitzl, S. Drescher, H. van der Kuip, E. Schaffeler, J. Fischer, M. Schwab, M. Eichelbaum, and M. F. Fromm. The C3435T mutation in the human MDR1 gene is associated with altered efflux of the P-glycoprotein substrate rhodamine 123 from CD56+ natural killer cells. Pharmacogenetics 11:293-298 (2001).
T. Nakamura, T. Sakaeda, M. Horinouchi, T. Tamura, N. Aoyama, T. Shirakawa, M. Matsuo, M. Kasuga, and K. Okumura. Effect of the mutation (C3435T) at exon 26 of the MDR1 gene on the MDR1-mRNA expression level in duodenal enterocytes of healthy Japanese subjects. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 71:297-303 (2002).
L. Becquemont, C. Verstuyft, R. Kerb, U. Brinkmann, M. Lebot, P. Jaillon, and C. Funck-Brentano. Effect of grapefruit juice on digoxin pharmacokinetics in humans. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 70: 311-316 (2001).
T. Sakaeda, T. Nakamura, M. Horinouchi, M. Kakumoto, N. Ohmoto, T. Sakai, Y. Morita, T. Tamura, N. Aoyama, M. Hirai, M. Kasuga, and K. Okumura. MDR1 genotype-related pharmacokinetics of digoxin after single oral administration in healthy Japanese subjects. Pharm.Res. 18:1400-1404 (2001).
N. von Ahsen, M. Richter, C. Grupp, B. Ringe, M. Oellerich, and V. W. Armstrong. No influence of the MDR-1 C3435T polymorphism or a CYP3A4 promoter polymorphism (CYP3A4-V allele) on dose-adjusted cyclosporin A trough concentrations or rejection incidence in stable renal transplant recipients. Clin.Chem. 47:1048-1052 (2001).
R. B. Kim, B. F. Leake, E. F. Choo, G. K. Dresser, S. V. Kubba, U. I. Schwarz, A. Taylor, H. G. Xie, J. McKinsey, S. Zhou, L. B. Lan, J. D. Schuetz, E. G. Schuetz, and G. R. Wilkinson. Identification of functionally variant MDR1 alleles among European Americans and African Americans. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 70: 189-199 (2001).
I. Cascorbi, T. Gerloff, A. Johne, C. Meisel, S. Hoffmeyer, M. Schwab, E. Schaeffeler, M. Eichelbaum, U. Brinkmann, and I. Roots. Frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the P-glycoprotein drug transporter MDR1 gene in white subjects. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 69:169-174 (2001).
M. M. Ameyaw, F. Regateiro, T. Li, X. Liu, M. Tariq, A. Mobarek, N. Thornton, G. O. Folayan, J. Githang'a, A. Indalo, D. Ofori-Adjei, D. A. Price-Evans, and H. L. McLeod. MDR1 pharmacogenetics: Frequency of the C3435T mutation in exon 26 is significantly influenced by ethnicity. Pharmacogenetics 11:217-221 (2001).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Horinouchi, M., Sakaeda, T., Nakamura, T. et al. Significant Genetic Linkage of MDR1 Polymorphisms at Positions 3435 and 2677: Functional Relevance to Pharmacokinetics of Digoxin. Pharm Res 19, 1581–1585 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020433422259
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020433422259