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Axonal cytoskeletal changes after non-disruptive axonal injury

  • Published:
Journal of Neurocytology

Abstract

In animal models of human diffuse axonal injury, axonal swellings leading to secondary axotomy occur between 2 and 6 h after injury. But, analysis of cytoskeletal changes associated with secondary axotomy has not been undertaken. We have carried out a quantitative analysis of cytoskeletal changes in a model of diffuse axonal injury 4 h after stretch-injury to adult guinea-pig optic nerves. The major site of axonal damage was the middle portion of the nerve. There was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of small axons with a diameter of 0.5 μm and smaller in which there was compaction of neurofilaments. Axons with a diameter greater than 2.0 μm demonstrated an increased spacing between cytoskeletal elements throughout the length of the nerve. However, in the middle segment of the nerve these larger axons demonstrated two different types of response. Either, where periaxonal spaces occurred, there was a reduction in axonal calibre, compaction of neurofilaments but no change in their number, and a loss of microtubules. Or, where intramyelinic spaces occurred there was an increased spacing between neurofilaments and microtubules with a significant loss in the number of both. Longitudinal sections showed foci of compaction of neurofilaments interspersed between regions where axonal structure was apparently normal. Neurofilament compaction was correlated with disruption of the axolemma at these foci present some hours after injury. We suggest that the time course of these axonal cytoskeletal changes after stretch-injury to central axons is shorter than those changes documented to occur during Wallerian degeneration.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Institute for Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK

    S. S Jafari, W. L Maxwell & M Neilson

  2. University Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK

    D. I Graham

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  1. S. S Jafari
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  2. W. L Maxwell
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  3. M Neilson
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  4. D. I Graham
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Jafari, S.S., Maxwell, W.L., Neilson, M. et al. Axonal cytoskeletal changes after non-disruptive axonal injury. J Neurocytol 26, 201–221 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018588114648

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