Abstract
Complex biofilms of varying compositions colonize the surfaces of the oral cavity. Many of these biofilms are associated with chronic diseases of which several are explored in this article. The importance of understanding these biofilms by using in vitro models in the laboratory is also highlighted.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Armitage GC (1999) Development of a classi cation system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann. Periodontol. 4:1-6
Badawi H, Evans RD, Wilson M, Ready D, Noar JH #x0026; Pratten J (2003) The effect of orthodontic bonding materials on dental plaque accumulation and composition in vitro. Biomaterials 24:3345–3350
Beighton D & Lynch E (1995) Comparison of selected microflora of plaque and underlying carious dentine associ-ated with primary root caries lesions. Caries Res. 29:154–158
Bowden GHW (1991) Which bacteria are cariogenic in humans? In: Johnson NW (Ed) Risk Markers for Oral Diseases. (pp 266–286). Cambridge University Press, Cam-bridge, UK
Brailsford SR, Lynch E & Beighton D (1998) The isolation of Actinomyces naeslundii from sound root surfaces and root carious lesions. Caries Res. 32:100–106
Brailsford SR, Tregaskis RB, Leftwich HS & Beighton D (1999) The predominant Actinomyces spp. isolated from infected dentin of active root caries lesions. J. Dent. Res. 78:1525–1534
Brauner AW & Conrads G (1995) Studies into the microbial spectrum of apical periodontitis. Int. Endod. J. 28:244-248.
Bussher HJ & van der Mei HC (1995) Use of flow chamber devices and image analysis methods to study microbial adhesion. Methods Enzymol. 253:455–477
Carlsson J & Gothefors L (1975) Transmission of Lactobacillus jensenii and Lactobacillus acidophilus from mother to child at time of delivery. J. Clin. Micro. 1:124–128
Characklis WG (1989) Laboratory bio lm reactors. In: Char-acklis WG & Marshall KC (Eds) Biofilms. Wiley, New York, USA
Cianciola LJ, Park BH & Bruck E (1982) Prevalence of periodontal disease in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (juvenile diabetes). J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 104:653–660
Cowan MM, Taylor KG & Doyle RJ (1986) Kinetic analysis of Streptococcus sanguis adhesion to arti cial pellicle. J. Dent. Res. 65:1278–1283
Dahle ´n G, Fabricius L, Heyden G, Holm SE & Möller AJ (1982) Apical periodontitis induced by selected bacterial strains in root canals of immunized and nonimmunized monkeys. Scand. J. Dent. Res. 90:207–216
Dahlén G, Jinsson R, Öhman S-C, Nielsen R & Möller, AJ (1992) Infections of oral mucosa and submucosa. In: Slots J. & Tauman MA (Eds) Contemporary Oral Microbiology and Immunology. (pp 476–499). Mosby Year Book
Darby IB, Hodge PJ, Riggio MP & Kinane DF (2000) Microbial comparison of smoker and non-smoker adult and early-onset periodontitis patients by polymerase chain reaction. J. Clin. Periodontol. 27:417–424
Davenport JC (1970) The oral distribution of Candida in denture stomatitis. Br. Dent. J. 129:151–156
Dymock D, Weightman AJ, Scully C & Wade WG (1996) Molecular analysis of microflora associated with dentoalveo-lar abscesses. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:537–542
Egan MW, Spratt DA, Ng Y-L, Lam JA, Moles DR & Gulabivala K (2002) Prevalence of yeasts in saliva and root canals of teeth associated with apical periodontitis. Int. Endod. J. 35:321–329
Frandsen EV, Pedrazzoli V & Kilian M (1991) Ecology of viridans streptococci in the oral cavity and pharynx. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 6:129–133
Grenier D #x0026; Mayrand D (1986) Nutritional relationships between oral bacteria. Infect. Immun. 53:616–620
Haffajee AD #x0026; Socransky SS (1994) Microbial etiological agents of destructive periodontal diseases. Periodontol. 2000 5:78–111
Holm G (1994) Smoking as an additional risk for tooth loss. J. Periodontol. 65:996-1001
Kolenbrander PE, Ganeshkumar N, Cassels FJ & Hughes CV (1993) Coaggregation:Speci c adherence among human oral plaque bacteria. FASEB J. 7:406–413
Kornman KS, Crane A, Wang HY, di Giovine FS, Newman MG, Pirk FW, Wilson TG, Jr, Higginbottom FL & Duff GW (1997) The interleukin-1 genotype as a severity factor in adult periodontal disease. J. Clin. Periodontol. 24:72–77
Lamster IB (1997) Evaluation of components of gingival crevicular fluid as diagnostic tests. Ann. Periodontol. 2: 123–137
Li Y & Cau eld PW (1995) The delity of initial acquisition of mutans streptococci by infants from their mothers. J. Dent. Res. 74:681–685
Loesche WJ (1986) Role of Streptococcus mutans in human dental decay. Microbiol. Rev. 50:353-380
Loesche WJ & Kazor C (2002) Microbiology and treatment of halitosis. Periodontology 2000 28:256-279
McNamara TK, Alexander JF, Lee M & Plains M (1972) The role of microorganisms in the production of oral malodour. Oral Surg. 34:41–48
Marsh PD (1991) The signi cance of maintaining the stability of the natural micro flora of the mouth. Br. Dent. J. 171:174–177
Marsh PD (1994) Microbial ecology of dental plaque and its signi cance in health and disease. Adv. Dent. Res. 8:263–271
Matharu S, Spratt DA, Pratten, J, Ng Y-L, Mordan N, Wilson M & Gulabivala K (2001) An in vitro model for the study of microbial microleakage around dental amalgam restorations: a qualitative evaluation. Int. J. Endod. 34:547–553
McKee AS, McDermid AS, Ellwood DC & Marsh PD (1985) The establishment of reproducible, complex communities of Figure 7. The Constant Depth Film Fermentor. oral bacteria in the chemostat using de ned inocula. J. App. Bacteriol. 59:263–275
Meskin LH (1996) A breath of fresh air. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 127:1282–1286
Mombelli A, Rutar A & Lang NP (1995) Correlation of the periodontal status 6 years after puberty with clinical and microbiological conditions during puberty. J. Clin. Period-ontol. 22:300–305
Moore LV, Moore WE, Cato EP, Smibert RM, Burmeister JA, Best AM & Ranney RR (1987) Bacteriology of human gingivitis. J. Dent. Res. 66:989–995
Oliver RC & Tervonen T (1994) Diabetes-a risk factor for periodontitis in adults? J. Periodontol. 65:530–538
Olsen I (1974) Denture stomatitis. Occurrence and distribution of fungi. Acta Odontol. Scand. 32:329–333
Palmqvist S, Unell L #x0026; Lindquist B (1984) Denture stomatitis in nursing home patients. Swed Dent. J. 8:73-80
Paster BJ, Bodies SK, Galvin JL, Ericson RE, Lau CN, Levanos VA, Sahasrabudhe A. & Dewhirst FE (2001) Bacterial diversity in human subgingival plaque. J. Bacteriol. 183:3770-3783
Pearce C, Bowden GH, Evans M, Fitzsimmons SP, Johnson J, Sheridan MJ, Wientzen R & Cole MF (1995) Identification of pioneer viridans streptococci in the oral cavity of human neonates. J. Med. Microbiol. 42:67-72
Perrons CJ & Donoghue HD (1990) Colonization resistance of de ned bacterial plaques to Streptococcus mutans implanta-tion on teeth in a model mouth. J. Dent. Res. 69:483-488
Persson S, Edlund M-B, Claesson R & Carlsson J (1990) The formation of hydrogen sulphide and methyl-mercaptan by oral bacteria. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 5:195-201
Pigman W & Elliott HC (1952) An arti cial mouth for caries research. J. Dent. Res. 31:627-633
Pine CM, Pitts NB, Steele JG, Nunn JN & Treasure E (2001) Dental restorations in adults in the UK in 1998 and implications for the future. Br. Dent. J. 190:4-8
Pratten J, Wilson M, & Spratt DA (2003a) Characterization of in vitro oral bacterial bio lms by traditional and molecular methods. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 18:45-49
Pratten J, Pasu M, Jackson G, Flanagan A & Wilson M (2003b) Modeling oral malodour in a longitudinal study. Arch. Oral. Biol. 48:737-743
Reeves R #x0026; Stanely HR (1966) The relationship of bacterial penetration and pulpal pathos in carious teeth. Oral Surg. 22: 59-65
Rickard AH, Gilbert P, High NJ, Kolenbrander PE & Handley PS (2003) Bacterial coaggregation:an integral process in the development of multi-species biofilms. Trends Microbiol. 11: 94-100
Rosenberg M, Septon I, Eli I, Brenner S, Gelernter I & Gabbay J (1991) Halitosis measurement using an industrial sulphide monitor. J. Periodontol. 62:487-489
Sansone C, Van Route J, Joshipura K, Kent R & Margolis HC (1993) The association of mutans streptococci and non-mutans streptococci capable of acidogenesis at a low pH with dental caries on enamel and root surfaces. J. Dent. Res. 72: 508-516
Savitt ED & Kent RL (1991) Distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis by subject age. J Periodontol. 62:490-494
Savitt ED & Socransky SS (1984) Distribution of certain subgingival microbial species in selected periodontal conditions. J. Periodont. Res. 19:111-123
Saxton CA (1973) Scanning electron microscope study of the formation of dental plaque. Caries Res. 7:102-119
Schupbach P, Osterwalder V #x0026; Guggenheim R (1996) Human root caries:Microbiota of a limited number of root caries lesions. Caries Res. 30:52-64
Schupbach P, Oppenheim FG, Lendenmann U, Lamkin MS, Yao Y & Guggehheim B (2001) Electron-microscopic dem-onstration of proline-rich proteins, stathlerin, and histatins in acquired enamel pellicles in vitro. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 109:60-68
Sissons CH (1997) Artificial dental plaque bio lm model systems. Adv. Dent. Res. 11:110-126
Slots J (1977) Micro flora in the healthy gingival sulcus in man. Scand. J. Dent. Res. 85:247-254
Smith DJ, Anderson JM, King WF, Van Houte J & Taubmam MA (1993) Oral streptococcal colonization of infants. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 8:1-4
Socransky SS, Gibbons RJ, Dale AC, Bortnik L, Rosenthal E & MacDonald JB (1963) The microbiota of the gingival crevice in man. 1 Total microscopic and viable counts and counts of speci c organisms. Arch. Oral Biol. 8:275-280
Spratt DA, Weightman AJ & Wade WG (1999) Diversity of oral asaccharolytic Eubacterium species in periodontitis-identi cation of novel phylotypes representing, uncultivated taxa. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 14:56-59
Stashenko KP & Hillman JD (1989) Micro flora of plaque in rats following infection with and LDH de cient mutant of Streptococcus rattus. Caries Res. 23:375-377
Steele JG, Walls AW, Ayatollahi SM & Murray JJ (1996) Major clinical ndings from a dental survey of elderly people in three different English communities. Br. Dent. J. 180:17-23
Sundqvist G (1992) Associations between microbial species in dental root canal infections. Oral Microbiol. Immunol 7: 257-262
Tanner A, Maiden MF, Pasten BJ & Dewhirst FE, (1994) The impact of 16S ribosomal RNA-based phylogeny on the taxonomy of oral bacteria. Periodontol. 2000 5:26-51.
van Houte J (1994) Role of micro-organisms in caries etiology. J. Dent. Res. 73:672-681
Waler SM (1997) On the transformation of sulphur-containing amino acids and peptides to volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) in the human mouth. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 105:535-537
Watts A & Paterson C (1990) Detection of bacteria in histological sections of the dentel pulp. Int. Endod. J. 23: 1-12
Wimpenny JW (1981) Spatial order in microbial ecosystems. Biological Rev. 56:295-342
Wojcicki CJ, Harper DS & Robinson PJ (1986) Differences in periodontal disease associated microorganisms of gingival plaque in prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal children. J. Periodontol. 58:219-223
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Spratt, D., Pratten, J. Biofilms and the Oral Cavity. Re/Views in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 2, 109–120 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:RESB.0000040466.82937.df
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:RESB.0000040466.82937.df