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Originalarbeit

Prä- und perinatale Risikofaktoren bei Autismus-Spektrum-Störung und Aktivitäts- und Aufmerksamkeitsstörung

Published Online:January 27, 2017https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000507

Abstract

Zusammenfassung.Fragestellung: Epidemiologische Studien weisen auf die Bedeutung von prä- und perinatalen Risikofaktoren bei der Entstehung der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) und der Autismus-Spektrum-Störung (ASS) hin. Die vorliegende Arbeit vergleicht in einer klinischen Stichprobe von Kindern mit ADHS, ASS, dem kombinierten Störungsbild sowie ADHS und Störung des Sozialverhaltens (SSV) mögliche störungsspezifische Risikofaktoren und untersucht, ob das Vorliegen mehrerer Risikofaktoren das Auftreten von kombinierten Störungsbildern begünstigt. Methodik: Prä- und perinatale Risikofaktoren von insgesamt 341 Patienten (299 Jungen, 42 Mädchen) aus einer klinischen Inanspruchnahmepopulation werden zwischen Kindern mit ADHS (N = 80), ASS (N = 122), ADHS & ASS (N = 55) oder ADHS & SSV (N = 84) verglichen. Ergebnisse: Die Mütter von Kindern mit ADHS & SSV rauchten häufiger in der Schwangerschaft, die Eltern wiesen einen niedrigeren Bildungsstatus und häufiger Migrationsstatus auf als von Kindern mit ASS oder ADHS. Kinder mit ASS hatten häufiger einen Migrationshintergrund als Kinder mit ADHS. Fehlgeburten fanden sich als spezifischer Risikofaktor für das kombinierte Störungsbild ADHS & ASS. Schlussfolgerung: Zahlreiche der in epidemiologischen Studien beschriebenen Risikofaktoren fanden sich in der klinischen Stichprobe selten. Die meisten Risikofaktoren lagen in derselben Ausprägung bei allen Krankheitsbildern vor.


Abstract. Pre- and perinatal risk factors in autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Objective: Epidemiological studies indicate the relevance of pre- and perinatal risk factors for the genesis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. This study compares potential risk factors in a clinical sample of children with ADHD, ASD, the combination of both diseases, ADHD and oppositional defiant or conduct disorder (ADHD & ODD/CD) and examined whether the existence of additional risk factors promotes the occurrence of combined diseases. Method: We compared the pre- and perinatal risk factors of 341 patients (299 boys, 42 girls) from a clinical population, differentiating between children with ADHD (n=80), ASD (n=122), ADHD & ASD (n=55), or ADHD & ODD/CD (n=84). Results: We observed a higher rate of maternal smoking, a higher rate of migration, and lower parental education among the children with ADHD & ODD/CD compared to those with ASD or ADHD. The rate of migration background was higher among the children with ASD compared to children with ADHD. Miscarriage was a specific risk factor for ADHD & ASD. Conclusion: Numerous risk factors described in epidemiological studies occurred only rarely in our clinical sample. The distribution of most risk factors was comparable between the examined diseases.

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