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Originalia

Rauchen und Nikotinabhängigkeit in Deutschland

Published Online:February 22, 2008https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443.37.1.1

Abstract

Zusammenfassung.Theoretischer Hintergrund: Der Konsum von Tabak ist verantwortlich für zahlreiche körperliche Erkrankungen und kann zu einer psychischen Störung führen, der Nikotinabhängigkeit. Ziel: Feststellung der aktuellen Verbreitung, Therapiemöglichkeiten und Versorgungssituation von Rauchern und Nikotinabhängigen in Deutschland. Methode: Übersicht über einschlägige (versorgungs-)epidemiologische und klinische Studien. Ergebnisse: Rauchen ist stark verbreitet, Nikotinabhängigkeit eine der häufigsten psychischen Störungen. Die Wirksamkeit von Entwöhnungsbehandlungen ist empirisch gut belegt, dennoch sind nur wenige Raucher zu einem Konsumstopp bereit. Die Inanspruchnahmerate insbesondere der wirksamsten multimodalen Behandlungsprogramme ist gering, wobei es allerdings auch an professionellen Anbietern mangelt. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Versorgungssituation von Rauchern in Deutschland ist unzureichend und verbesserungsbedürftig. Als notwendig erscheinen Aufbau einer flächendeckenden Infrastruktur von Entwöhnungsanbietern sowie verbesserte Kostenerstattungsmöglichkeiten durch die Krankenkassen. Dieser Professionalisierungsprozess bietet den Psychologen interessante Chancen für neue Tätigkeitsfelder.


Smoking and nicotine dependence in Germany - A clinical and epidemiological perspective

Abstract.Background: The use of tobacco may cause numerous physical disorders and may lead to a mental disorder - nicotine dependence. Aims: To determine the prevalence of smoking and nicotine dependence, the existence of treament approaches and their availability in Germany. Method: Review of relevant population surveys and effectiveness studies. Results: Smoking is highly prevalent and nicotine dependence is one of the most frequent mental disorders. Evidence for the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions has become available but only few smokers are acutally ready to quit. Especially the most effective interventions with multiple formats are rarely used. Moreover, there is a lack of professional treatment providers. Conclusion: Provision of smoking cessation treatments is inadequade in Germany and needs to be improved. A nationwide infastructure and improved reimbursement for smoking cessation interventions by health insurance companies need to be set up. This increase in professionalism will offer psychologists attractive opportunities for expanding their activities.

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