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Schlafprobleme bei Soldaten und die Rolle traumatischer Ereignisse bei Auslandseinsätzen

Published Online:August 13, 2015https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000297

Abstract

Zusammenfassung.Fragestellung: Schlafprobleme, ihre Auswirkungen und Implikationen sind besonders im Kontext militärischer Missionen ein bedeutsames, jedoch wenig untersuchtes Thema. Methoden: Eine repräsentative Stichprobe von 1478 deutschen Bundeswehrsoldaten wurde 12 Monate nach Ende ihres Auslandseinsatzes mittels des Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) sowie zu psychischen Störungen (DSM-IV-TR) und traumatischen Ereignissen persönlich untersucht und mit N = 880 Soldaten ohne Auslandseinsatz verglichen. Ergebnisse: 41 % der Soldaten mit und 38 % der Soldaten ohne Auslandseinsatz erfüllten die PSQI-Kriterien für Schlafprobleme. Traumatische Einsatzereignisse waren mit mehr Schlafproblemen assoziiert (β: 0.7, 95 % KI: 0.4 – 1.0, p < .001). In Abhängigkeit der Anzahl traumatischer Einsatzereignisse wurde ein höherer PSQI-Gesamtwert bei inzidenten psychischen Störungen (β: 1.2, 95 % KI: 0.3 – 2.1, p = .011), aber auch bei Soldaten ohne psychische Störungen (β: 0.7, 95 % KI: 0.3 – 1.1, p = .001) berichtet. Schlussfolgerung: Auslandseinsätze scheinen in Abhängigkeit traumatischer Ereignisse das Ausmaß von Schlafproblemen bei Soldaten sowohl innerhalb als auch außerhalb des Kontextes psychischer Störungen zu erhöhen.


Sleeping Problems of German Soldiers and the Role of Deployment-Related Traumatic Events

Abstract.Background: Sleeping problems, their consequences and implications constitute a serious but rarely studied issue in the context of soldier deployment. Method: A representative sample of 1478 soldiers of the German armed forces was assessed 12 months after return from deployment. Sleeping problems (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSQI), the presence of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR), as well as traumatic combat experiences were assessed and compared to N=880 nondeployed soldiers. Result: 41 % of soldiers with and 38 % of soldiers without deployment met diagnostic criteria for sleeping problems based on the PSQI. Traumatic combat experiences were associated with higher rates of sleeping problems (β: 0.7, 95 % KI: 0.4 – 1.0, p < .001). Depending on the number of traumatic combat experiences, a higher PSQI total score was reported for soldiers with incident mental disorders (β: 1.2, 95 % KI: 0.3 – 2.1, p = .011) as well as for soldiers without mental disorders (β: 0.7, 95 % KI: 0.3 – 1.1, p = .001). Conclusion: Independently of the presence of mental disorders, traumatic combat experiences during deployments are likely to contribute to the extent of sleeping problems in soldiers.

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