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Clinical Studies and Practice

Evening chronotype associates with obesity in severely obese subjects: interaction with CLOCK 3111T/C

International Journal of Obesity volume 40, pages 1550–1557 (2016)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Background:

Chronotype has been related to obesity and metabolic disturbances. However, little is known about the relationship between circadian preferences and genetic background in CLOCK genes with obesity and weight loss among severely obese patients after bariatric surgery.

Objectives:

The research goals were (1) to examine whether evening chronotype is related to obesity and weight loss evolution in severely obese followed during 6 years after bariatric surgery and (2) to examine potential interactions between circadian preferences and CLOCK 3111T/C for obesity in this population.

Subjects/Methods:

Participants (n=252, 79% female; age (mean±s.d.): 52±11 years; body mass index (BMI): 46.4±6.0 kg m−2) were grouped into evening and morning types. Obesity and weight loss parameters, energy and macronutrients intake, energy expenditure, chronotype, meal timing, sleep duration and CLOCK genotype were studied.

Results:

Evening-type subjects showed significantly higher initial body weight (P=0.015) and BMI (P=0.014) than morning types. Moreover, evening-type, when compared with morning types, lost less weight (percentage of excess weight loss) after bariatric surgery (P=0.015). Weight-loss progression between the two chronotype groups differed significantly from the fourth year after the bariatric surgery toward a higher weight regain among evening types (P<0.05). We also detected a significant interaction between CLOCK 3111T/C SNP and chronotype for body weight at baseline (P<0.001). Specifically, among carriers of the risk allele C, evening types showed higher body weight than morning types (P=0.012). In addition, CLOCK 3111T/C SNP significantly associated with obesity and sleep duration in the older subjects.

Conclusions:

Evening chronotype is associated with higher obesity in severely obese subjects and with lower weight loss effectiveness after bariatric surgery. In addition, circadian preferences interact with CLOCK 3111T/C for obesity. The circadian and genetic assessment could provide tailored weight loss recommendations in subjects who underwent bariatric surgery.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by grants from Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2014-52480), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (PI11/00892) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. CIBERDEM and CIBEROBN are also acknowledged. The genotyping service CEGEN-PRB2-ISCIII is supported by grant PT13/0001, ISCIII-SGEFI/FEDER. TRL was supported by a scholarship from the ‘Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología’ CONACYT from Mexico. MIP belongs to a group that holds the Quality Mention from the Government of Catalonia, Spain (2014SGR96). We are indebted to the IDIBAPS Biobank (Barcelona, Spain), integrated in the Spanish National Biobank Network, for the sample and data procurement.

Author contributions

MI-P and MG designed the research; TR-L, MI-P, JV and AdH conducted the research; TR-L, MI-P and MG analyzed data; MC contributed to the statistical analysis. TR-L, MG and MI-P wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Author information

Author notes

  1. M Garaulet and M Izquierdo-Pulido: These two authors share senior authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department Food Science and Nutrition, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    T Ruiz-Lozano & M Izquierdo-Pulido

  2. Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Obesity Unit, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain

    J Vidal & A de Hollanda

  3. Institut d’Investigaciones Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

    J Vidal

  4. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabtetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain

    J Vidal

  5. Department of Biostatistics, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain

    M Canteras

  6. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain

    M Garaulet

  7. MIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain

    M Garaulet

  8. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain

    M Izquierdo-Pulido

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Correspondence to M Izquierdo-Pulido.

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Ruiz-Lozano, T., Vidal, J., de Hollanda, A. et al. Evening chronotype associates with obesity in severely obese subjects: interaction with CLOCK 3111T/C. Int J Obes 40, 1550–1557 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2016.116

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