Abstract
Similarities between T and B lymphocytes might have led to the idea that these functionally distinct cells develop from a common lymphoid progenitor. However, investigations with a new clonal assay which allows for T-, B- and myeloid-lineage development indicate that commitment to T-cell and B-cell lineages occurs instead through myeloid/T and myeloid/B bipotential stages, respectively. These findings provide an opportunity to reconsider the ontogeny and phylogeny of T- and B-cell development.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gatti, R. A., Meuwissen, H. J. & Good, R. A. Mixed-leucocyte-culture response to leucocytes in severe combined immunodeficiency disease. Lancet 1, 235–236 (1971).
Lawton, A. R., Bockman, D. E. & Cooper, M. D. Treatment of autosomal recessive lymphopenic agammaglobulinemia by transplantation of matched allogeneic bone marrow. Am. J. Med. 54, 98–110 (1973).
Bosma, G. C., Custer, R. P. & Bosma, M. J. A severe combined immunodeficiency mutation in the mouse. Nature 301, 527–530 (1983).
Kawamoto, H., Ohmura, K. & Katsura, Y. Direct evidence for the commitment of hematopoietic stem cells to T, B and myeloid lineages in murine fetal liver. Int. Immunol. 9, 1011–1019 (1997).
Kondo, M., Weissman, I. L. & Akashi, K. Identification of clonogenic common lymphoid progenitors in mouse bone marrow. Cell 91, 661–672 (1997).
Moore, M. A. S. & Owen, J. J. T. Experimental studies on the development of the thymus. J. Exp. Med. 126, 715–725 (1967).
LeDouarin, N. M. & Jotereau, F. V. Tracing of cells of the avian thymus through embryonic life in interspecific chimeras. J. Exp. Med. 142, 17–40 (1975).
Abramson, S., Miller, R. G. & Phillip, R. A. The identification in adult bone marrow of pluripotent and restricted stem cells of the myeloid and lymphoid systems. J. Exp. Med. 145, 1567–1569 (1977).
Dick, J. E., Magli, M. C., Huszar, D., Phillips, R. A. & Bernstein, A. Introduction of a selectable gene into primitive stem cells capable of long-term reconstitution of the hemopoietic system of w/wv mice. Cell 42, 71–79 (1985).
Keller, G., Paige, C., Gilboa, E. & Wagner, E. F. Expression of a foreign gene in myeloid and lymphoid cells derived from multipotent haematopoietic precursors. Nature 318, 149–154 (1985).
Lemischka, I. R., Raulet, D. H. & Mulligan, R. C. Developmental potential and dynamic behavior of hematopoietic stem cells. Cell 45, 917–927 (1986).
Wu, L., Antica, M., Johnson, G. R., Scollay, R. & Shortman, K. Developmental potential of the earliest precursor cells from the adult mouse thymus. J. Exp. Med. 174, 1617–1627 (1991).
Matsuzaki, Y. et al. Characterization of c-kit positive intrathymic stem cells that are restricted to lymphoid differentiation. J. Exp. Med. 178, 1283–1292 (1993).
Georgopoulos, K. et al. The Ikaros gene is required for the development of all lymphoid lineages. Cell 79, 143–156 (1994).
Nichogiannopoulou, A., Trevisan, M., Neben, S., Friedrich, C. & Georgopoulos, K. Defects in hematopoietic stem cell activity in Ikaros mutant mice. J. Exp. Med. 190, 1201–1213 (1999).
Wang, J. H. et al. Selective defects in the development of the fetal and adult lymphoid system in mice with an Ikaros null mutation. Immunity 5, 537–549 (1996).
Galy, A., Travis, M., Cen, D. & Chen, B. Human T, B, natural killer, and dendritic cells arise from a common bone marrow progenitor cell subset. Immunity 3, 459–473 (1995).
Hao, Q.-L., et al. Identification of a novel, human multilymphoid progenitor in cord blood. Blood 97, 3683–3690 (2001).
Cumano, A., Paige, C. J., Iscove, N. N. & Brady, G. Bipotential precursors of B cells and macrophages in murine fetal liver. Nature 356, 612–615 (1992).
Delassus, S. & Cumano, A. Circulation of hematopoietic progenitors in the mouse embryo. Immunity 4, 97–106 (1996).
Katsura, Y. & Kawamoto, H. Stepwise lineage restriction of progenitors in lympho-myelopoiesis. Int. Rev. Immunol. 20, 1–20 (2001).
Kawamoto, H., Ohmura, K., Fujimoto, S. & Katsura, Y. Emergence of T cell progenitors without B cell or myeloid differentiation potential at the earliest stage of hematopoiesis in the murine fetal liver. J. Immunol. 162, 2725–2731 (1999).
Kawamoto, H., Ikawa, T., Ohmura, K., Fujimoto, S. & Katsura, Y. T cell progenitors emerge earlier than B cell progenitors in the murine fetal liver. Immunity 12, 441–450 (2000).
Egawa, T. et al. The earliest stages of B cell development require a chemokine stromal cell-derived factor/pre-B cell growth-stimulating factor. Immunity 15, 323–334 (2001).
Akashi, K., Traver, D., Miyamoto, T. & Weissman, I. L. A clonogenic common myeloid progenitor that gives rise to all myeloid lineages. Nature 404, 193–197 (2000).
Traver, D. et al. Fetal liver myelopoiesis occurs through distinct, prospectively isolatable progenitor subsets. Blood 98, 627–635 (2001).
Boyd, A. W. & Schrader, J. W. Derivation of macrophage-like lines from the pre-B lymphoma ABLS 8.1 using 5-azacytidine. Nature 297, 691–693 (1982).
Klinken, S. P., Alexander, W. S. & Adams, J. M. Hemopoietic lineage switch: v-raf oncogene converts Eμ-myc transgenic B cells into macrophages. Cell 53, 857–867 (1988).
Borrello, M. A. & Phipps, R. P. The B/macrophage cell: an elusive link between CD5+ B lymphocytes and macrophages. Immunol. Today 17, 471–475 (1996).
Montecino-Rodriguez, E., Leathers, H. & Dorshkind, K. Bipotential B-macrophage progenitors are present in adult bone marrow. Nature Immunol. 2, 83–88 (2001).
Matutes, E. et al. Definition of acute biphenotypic leukemia. Haematologica 82, 64–66 (1997).
Schmit, C. A. & Przybylski, G. K. What can we learn from leukemia as for the process of lineage commitment in hematopoiesis? Int. Rev. Immunol. 20, 107–115 (2001).
Ardavin, C., Wu, L., Li, C. L. & Shortman, K. Thymic dendritic cells and T cells develop simultaneously in the thymus from a common precursor population. Nature 362, 761–763 (1993).
Manz, M. G., Traver, D., Miyamoto, T., Weissman, I. L. & Akashi, K. Dendritic cell potentials of early lymphoid and myeloid progenitors. Blood 97, 3333–3341 (2001).
Yamashita, Y. et al. Syndecan-4 is expressed by B lineage lymphocytes and can transmit a signal for formation of dendritic processes. J. Immunol. 162, 5940–5948 (1999).
Lacaud, G., Carlsson, L. & Keller, G. Identification of a fetal hematopoietic precursor with B cell, T cell and macrophage potential. Immunity 9, 827–838 (1998).
Singh, H. Gene targeting reveals a hierarchy of transcription factors regulating specification of lymphoid cell fates. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 8, 160–165 (1996).
Spain, L. M., Guerriero, A., Kunjibettu, S. & Scott, E. W. T cell development in PU.1-deficient mice. J. Immunol. 163, 2681–2687 (1999).
Nutt, S. L., Heavey, B., Rolink, A. G. & Busslinger, M. Commitment to the B-lymphoid lineage depends on the transcription factor Pax5. Nature 401, 556–562 (1999).
Kondo, M. et al. Cell-fate conversion of lymphoid-committed progenitors by instructive actions of cytokines. Nature 407, 383–386 (2000).
Radtke, F. et al. Deficient T cell fate specification in mice with an induced inactivation of Notch 1. Immunity 10, 547–558 (1999).
Koch, U. et al. Subversion of the T/B lineage decision in the thymus by lunatic fringe-mediated inhibition of Notch 1. Immunity 15, 225–236 (2001).
Wilson, A., MacDonald, H. R. & Radtke, F. Notch 1-deficient common lymphoid precursors adopt a B cell fate in the thymus. J. Exp. Med. 194, 1003–1012 (2001).
Pui, J. C. et al. Notch 1 expression in early lymphopoiesis influences B versus T lineage determination. Immunity 11, 299–308 (1999).
Kawamoto, H., Ohmura, K. & Katsura, Y. Presence of progenitors restricted to T, B, or myeloid lineage, but absence of multipotent stem cells, in the murine fetal thymus. J. Immunol. 161, 3799–3802 (1998).
Smith, L. C. & Davidson, E. H. The echinoid immune system and the phylogenetic occurrence of immune mechanisms in deuterostomes. Immunol. Today 13, 356–362 (1992).
Lanier, L. L. NK cell receptors. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16, 359–393 (1998).
Ikawa, T., Kawamoto, H., Fujimoto, S. & Katsura, Y. Commitment of common T/Natural killer (NK) progenitors to unipotent T and NK progenitors in the murine fetal thymus revealed by a single progenitor assay. J. Exp. Med. 190, 1617–1626 (1999).
Ogawa, M. Differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 81, 2844–2853 (1993).
Sulston, J. E., Schierenberg, E., White, J. G. & Thomson, J. N. The embryonic cell lineage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev. Biol. 100, 64–119 (1983).
Acknowledgements
I thank H. Kawamoto for valuable discussion and W. T. V. Germeraad for critical reading of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Glossary
- PRIMITIVE HAEMATOPOIESIS
-
The transient production of large, nucleated erythrocytes that express embryonic haemoglobin, which takes place in the yolk sac. Primitive megakaryocytopoiesis is also reported, but no other types of blood cells have ever been reported to be generated in primitive haematopoiesis.
- DEFINITIVE HAEMATOPOIESIS
-
Haematopoiesis from pluripotent HSCs, where all types of blood cells are produced. HSCs are known to emerge first in the aorta–gonad–mesonephros region, whereas the main sites of definitive haematopoiesis in fetuses and adults are the liver and bone marrow, respectively.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Katsura, Y. Redefinition of lymphoid progenitors. Nat Rev Immunol 2, 127–132 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/nri721
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nri721
This article is cited by
-
Mechanisms of fate decision and lineage commitment during haematopoiesis
Immunology & Cell Biology (2016)
-
Nucleated red blood cells impact DNA methylation and expression analyses of cord blood hematopoietic cells
Clinical Epigenetics (2015)
-
Langerhans cell histiocytosis in acute leukemias of ambiguous or myeloid lineage in adult patients: support for a possible clonal relationship
Modern Pathology (2014)
-
Fates and potentials of thymus-seeding progenitors
Nature Immunology (2012)
-
The earliest thymic T cell progenitors sustain B cell and myeloid lineage potential
Nature Immunology (2012)