Race specific altitude effects on blood pressure

Abstract

Altitude affects blood pressure (BP) depending on duration and absolute altitude of exposure. Until now changes in BP during exposure to altitude were studied only in Caucasians. It is not known whether BP is affected differently in black and white people in response to altitude.During a 6-day climb on Kilimanjaro, BP was measured in five white and four black people. All participants (mean ± s.d.: age 31 ± 8 years, body mass index 22 ± 2 kg/m², BP 125 ± 11/84 ± 9 mm Hg) had previous similar experience of high-altitude mountaineering. In the base camp (3040 m) systolic BP (SBP) was similar in both groups (131 ± 9 vs 119 ± 8 mm Hg). During ascent until 4600 m SBP increased in all whites (6.5 ± 2.2 mm Hg) and decreased in all blacks (−7.3 ± 4.6 mm Hg; P = 0.02, blacks vs whites). During descent SBP returned to initial values in whites, whereas it decreased further in blacks. Diastolic BP (DBP) and heart rate remained constant in all participants. During ascent body weight increased in all whites (1.0 ± 0.8 kg) and decreased in all blacks (−1.9 ± 1.4 kg; P = 0.02, blacks vs whites) whereas it returned approximately to initial levels during descent: +0.8 ± 0.4 kg in blacks and −1.0 ± 1.3 kg in whites (P = 0.03, blacks vs whites).In this study changes in SBP and body weight during exposure to high altitudes varied between whites and blacks. Fluid balance, acclimatisation, physical fitness or genetics could explain these findings.