Abstract
The last two decades has witnessed significant changes to the governance of youth prostitution. Most western democratic countries now distinguish adults from young people in prostitution and frame government interventions with young people in terms of the provision of justice for child victims of sexual exploitation. The first European country to make such a move was Sweden when, in 1999, the purchase of sex was completely criminalised. The Netherlands followed in 2000 when they criminalised childhood sexual exploitation and forced prostitution. France followed suit in 2003 by criminalising the purchasing of sex from young people (aged 15–18 years of age) as well as from those defined as ‘vulnerable’ prostitutes. The UK reformed its sexual offences in 2003 by criminalising the commercial sexual exploitation of young people. Denmark, Italy and Norway have all brought in primary legislation that extends criminal justice powers against those who would exploit or prostitute young people.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Attwood, F. (2006) ‘Sexed Up: Theorizing the Sexualisation of Culture’, Sexualities, vol. 5(1), pp. 91–105.
Barnardo’s (1998) Whose Daughter Next?, London: Barnardo’s.
Bauman, Z. (1998) Work, Consumerism and the New Poor, Buckinghamshire: Open University Press.
Bernstein, E. (2001) The Meaning of the Purchase: Desire, Demand and the Commerce of Sex’, Ethnography, vol. 2(3), pp. 389–420.
Bourdieu, P. (1989) ‘Social Space and Symbolic Power’, Sociological Theory, vol. 7(1), pp. 14–25.
Bradford (2011) Safeguarding Vulnerable Children,http://www.observatory.bradford.nhs.uk/Documents/4_l_14_Safeguarding_Vulnerable.pdf, date accessed February, 2012.
Brodie, I., Melrose, M., Pearce, J., and Warrington, C. (2011) Providing Safe and Supported Accommodation for Young People who are in the Care System and who are at Risk of, or Experiencing Sexual Exploitation or Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation,http://www.beds.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/120788/SafeAccommodation report_finalOct2011IB_l.pdf, date accessed 5 May 2012.
Butler, J. (2009) ‘Performativity, Precarity and Sexual Polities’, Revista de Antropologia Iberoamericana, vol. 4(3), pp. i–xiii, http://www.aibr.org/antropologia/04v03 /criticos/040301b.pdf, date accessed 5 May 2012.
Department for Children, Schools and Families (2009) Safeguarding Children and Young People from Sexual Exploitation: Supplementary Guidance to Working Together to Safeguard Children, Great Britain.
Departmental Committee on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution [The Wolfenden Committee] (1957) Report of the Committee on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution, Great Britain.
Department of Health/Home Office (2000) Safeguarding Children in Prostitution, The Stationery Office: London.
Easton, H. and Matthews, R. (2012) Investigating the Experiences of People Trafficking into Commercial Sexual Exploitation in Scotland,http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/Scotland/Research/human_trafficking_in_scotland_research_ report_jan_2012_.pdf, date accessed March, 2012.
Edwards, S. (1996) Sex and Gender in the Legal Process, London: Blackstone.
Engels, F. (1883) Dialectics of Nature, http://www.newtonsociety.ru/base /data/341oaden.doc, date accessed 5 May 2012.
Hall, S., Winlow, S. and Ancrum, C. (2008) Criminal Identities and Consumer Culture: Crime, Exclusion and the New Culture of Narcissism, Portland, Oregon: Willan Publishing.
Lee, M. and O’Brien, R. (1995) The Game’s Up: Redefining Child Prostitution. London: Children’s Society.
Matthews, R. (1986) ‘Beyond Wolfenden? Prostitution, Politics and the Law’, in R. Matthews and J. Young (eds), Confronting Crime. London: Sage.
McNair, B. (2002) Striptease Culture: Sex, Media and the Democratization of Desire, London: Routledge.
Melrose, M. (Accepted for publication but date still inknown forthcoming) ‘21st Century Party People’, Child Abuse Review.
Phoenix, J. (2001) Making Sense of Prostitution, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Phoenix, J. (2002a) ‘In the Name of Protection: Youth Prostitution Policy Reforms in England and Wales’, Critical Social Policy, vol. 22(2), pp. 353–75.
Phoenix, J. (2002b) ‘Same Old, Same Old: Youth Prostitution Policy Reform’, in P. Carlen (ed.), Women and Punishment: The Struggle for Justice. Collumpton: Willan.
Phoenix, J. (2003) ‘Rethinking Youth Prostitution: National Provision at the Margins of Child Protection and Youth Justice’, Youth Justice, vol. 3(3), pp. 152–68.
Phoenix, J. (2012) Out of Place, London: The Howard League for Penal Reform.
Plummer, K. (2003) Intimate Citizenship: Private Decisions and Public Dialogues, Seattle and London: University of Washington Press.
Prasad, M. (1999) ‘The Morality of Market Exchange: Love, Money and Contractual Justice’, Sociological Perspectives, vol. 42(2), pp. 181–215.
Scambler, A. and Scambler, G. (eds) (1997) Rethinking Prostitution: Purchasing Sex in the 1990s, London: Routledge.
Self, J. (2003) Prostitution, Women and the Misuse of Law: The Fallen Daughter of Eve, London: Routledge.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2013 Jo Phoenix
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Phoenix, J. (2013). Sex Work, Sexual Exploitations and Consumerism. In: Carrington, K., Ball, M., O’Brien, E., Tauri, J.M. (eds) Crime, Justice and Social Democracy. Critical Criminological Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137008695_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137008695_10
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-43575-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-00869-5
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social Sciences CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)