Skip to main content
Log in

Multilevel Analysis of Individual and Community Predictors of Smoking Prevalence and Frequency in China: 1991–2004

  • Article
  • Published:
Journal of Public Health Policy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study uses a series of nationally representative samples from China. We studied more than 4,000 households to explore factors associated with both the prevalence and the frequency of cigarette smoking over 13 years between 1991 and 2004. By introducing variables at both the individual and the community level, we found that some key variables are consistent predictors of smoking measures over time, thus they should be the targets of future intervention/prevention programs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • CATC(Chinese Association on Tobacco Control). http://www.cash-prc.com.

  • Best Foundation. Secondhand Smoke Affects 600 Million in China Retrieved April 15, 2006, from http://www.jointogether.org/news/headlines/inthenews/2006/secondhand-smoke-affects-600.html.

  • MacKay J . China's Tobacco Wars. Retrieved 22 April 2006, from http://multinationalmonitor.org/hyper/issues/1992/01/mm0192_06.html.

  • Pan Z . Socioeconomic predictors of smoking and smoking frequency in urban China: evidence of smoking as a social function. Health Promotion Int. 1992;19 (3):309–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gong YL, Koplan JP, Feng W, Chen CH, Zheng P, Harris JR . Cigarette smoking in China: prevalence, characteristics, and attitudes in Minhang district. J Am Med Assoc. 1995;274:1232–1235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hesketh T, Ding QJ, Tomkins A . Smoking among youths in China. Am J Public Health. 2001;91 (10):1653–1655.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Fang X, Stanton B . Cigarette smoking among schoolboys in Beijing, China. 1999. J Adolescence. 1999;22 (5):621–625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Wang W, Zhao Q, Vartiainen E . Psychosocial predictors of smoking among secondary school students in Henan, China. Health Educ Res. 2000;15 (4):415–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun W, Shun J . Smoking behavior among different socioeconomic groups in the work place in the People's Republic of China. Health Promotion Int. 1995;10 (4):261–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiang H, Wang Z, Stallones L, Yu S, Gimbel HW, Yang P . Cigarette smoking among medical college students in Wuhan, People's Republic of China. Prev Med. 1999;29 (3):210–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levy D . The Role of Public Policies in Reducing Smoking and Deaths Caused by Smoking in China: Results from the China Tobacco Policy Simulation Model. New York, NY: World Health Organization; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang Y, Jiang Y, Yang X, Deng Y, Li J, Guo Z, et al. Analysis on main factors for successful quitting: study on the one-year follow-up for Chinese “Quit and Win” in 2002. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2004;33 (4):478–480.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang G, Fan L, Tan J, Qi G, Zhang Y, Samet JM, et al. Smoking in China: findings of the 1996 National Prevalence Survey. JAMA. 1999;282 (13):1247–1253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bian Y . Guanxi and the allocation of urban jobs in China. The China Quarterly. 1994;140:971–999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng H, Sussman S, Chen X, Wang Y, Xia J, Gong J, et al. Project EX – a teen smoking cessation initial study in Wuhan, China. Addict Behav. 2004;29 (9):1725–1733.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Y, Jiang Y, Yang X, Deng Y, Li J, Guo Z, et al. Analysis on main factors for successful quitting: study on the one-year follow-up for Chinese “Quit and Win” in 2002 (Chinese). 2004. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2004;33 (4):478–480.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loke AY, Lam TH . A randomized controlled trial of the simple advice given by obstetricians in Guangzhou, China, to non-smoking pregnant women to help their husbands quit smoking. Patient Educ Counseling. 2005;59 (1):31–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan SS, Lam TH, Salili F, Leung GM, Wong DC, Botelho RJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an individualized motivational intervention on smoking cessation for parents of sick children: a pilot study. 2005. Appl Nursing Res. 2005;18 (3):178–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abdullah AS, Mak YW, Loke AY, Lam TH . Smoking cessation intervention in parents of young children: a randomised controlled trial. Addiction. 2005;100 (11):1731–1740.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryk AS, Raudenbush SW . Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. Newbury Park: Sage; 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen J . Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang HK . The impact of tobacco expenditure on household consumption patterns in rural China. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62 (6):1414–1426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fielding R, Chee YY, Choi KM, Chu TK, Kato K, Lam SK, et al. Declines in tobacco brand recognition and ever-smoking rates among young children following restrictions on tobacco advertisements in Hong Kong. J Public Health. 2004;26 (1):24–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhenfeng Pan.

Additional information

A study over 13 years of cigarette smoking by individuals in 4000 households in China consistently points to predictors crucial for tobacco control programs.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pan, Z., Hu, D. Multilevel Analysis of Individual and Community Predictors of Smoking Prevalence and Frequency in China: 1991–2004 . J Public Health Pol 29, 72–85 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jphp.3200163

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jphp.3200163

Keywords

Navigation