Original paper
The mobile Condylus tertius occipitalis and fractures of the hypochordal clasp
Saternus, K.-S.; Kernbach-Wighton, G.; Koebke, J.
Anthropologischer Anzeiger Volume 66 No. 2 (2008), p. 155 - 165
25 references
published: Jul 11, 2008
published online: May 29, 2019
ArtNo. ESP140006602004, Price: 29.00 €
Abstract
The Condylus tertius is defined as a small bony hunch on the anterior surface of the clivus. Its presence means an enormous functional impairment of the upper head joint, looking at the 3-point-contact between the skull base and the upper cervical vertebrae. In 10 of the 2000 forensic examined bodies, analyses of neck vertebra + skull base revealed this feature. The origin of these findings is discussed, as stated in the literature of embryology, to be a suboccipital hypochordal plate. So in one of the cases the condylus was found at the hypochordal plate itself whereas the so-called socket was lying at the margin of the clivus. In three cases there was found a free body between the apex of the Dens and the Clivus forming a mobile Condylus tertius. In our opinion its position varies over the anterior arch of the atlas and the apex of the dens as a result of rotatory forces between the atlas and axis and physiological strain. Examples are given to elucidate this. There is a difference in the differentiation of the deposited material according to functional demand. A pressure bed (i.e. a Condylus tertius) is formed when a bony structure is deposited on the clivus. This functional prospect relativises the hypothesis of a purely constitutional genesis of the Condylus tertius. A fracture of the hypochordal clasp being joined with a bony connection to the anterior atlantic arch is described for the first time.
Keywords
Condylus tertius • skull base • biomechanics • functional adaptation • hypochordal plate • fracture of the hypochordal plate