Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Neurodegenerative changes in depression: Excitotoxicity or a deficit of trophic factors?

  • Review Articles
  • Published:
Neurochemical Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Here we review data on the impairments of functions of the glutamatergic system in the development of depressive states in humans and animals. We discuss the key role of these impairments in mechanisms of neurodegenerative changes in depression. Two principal lines of study link atrophy of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus with excitotoxic neuronal damage or a deficit of trophic factors. The hypothesis on the involvement of excitotoxic damage to neurons in depression is based on impaired function of glutamate transporters and massive death of astrocytes that utilize glutamate. Drugs that contain activators of glutamate transporters or inhibitors of presynaptic glutamate release are under development. In this review, we also discuss the advantages of an alternative hypothesis on deadaptation of the mechanisms of presynaptic, including structural, plasticity due to a deficit of trophic factors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lopez-Munoz, F. and Alamo, C., Curr. Pharm. Des., 2009, vol. 15, no. 14, pp. 1563–1586.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Holtzheimer, P.E. and Mayberg, H.S., Trend. Neurosci., 2011, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 1–9.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Machado-Vieira, R., Ibrahim, L., Henter, I.D., and Zarate, C.A., Jr., Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 2012, vol. 100, no. 4, pp. 678–687.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Mathews, D.C., Henter, I.D., and Zarate, C.A., Drugs, 2012, vol. 72, no. 10, pp. 1313–1333.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Pralong, E., Magistretti, P., and Stoop, R., Prog. Neurobiol., 2002, vol. 67, pp. 173–202.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Zarate, C.A.Jr., Du, J., Quiroz, J., Gray, N.A., Denicoff, K.D., Singh, J., Charney, D.S., and Manji, H.K., Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 2003, vol. 1003, pp. 273–291.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Schloesser, R.J., Huang, J., Klein, P.S., and Manji, H.K., Neuropsychopharmacology, 2008, vol. 33, pp. 110–133.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Pittenger, C., Dialog. Clin. Neurosci., 2013, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 455–463.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Krishnan, V. and Nestler, E.J., Nature, 2008, vol. 455, pp. 894–902.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Sanacora, G., Zarate, C.A., Krystal, J.H., and Manji, H.K., Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 2008, vol. 7, pp. 426–437.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Musazzi, L., Treccani, G., Mallei, A., and Popoli, M., Biol. Psychiatry, 2013, vol. 73, no. 12, pp. 1180–1188.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sanacora, G., Treccani, G., and Popoli, M., Neuropharmacology, 2012, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 63–77.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Yuksel, C. and Ongur, D., Biol. Psychiatry, 2010, vol. 68, no. 9, pp. 785–794.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. MacQueen, G. and Frodl, T., Mol. Psychiatry, 2011, vol. 16, pp. 252–264.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Maciag, D., Hughes, J., O’Dwyer, G., Pride, Y., Stockmeier, C.A., Sanacora, G., and Rajkowska, G., Biol. Psychiatry, 2010, vol. 67, pp. 465–470.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Pantazopoulos, H., Lange, N., Baldessarini, R.J., and Berretta, S., Biol. Psychiatry, 2007, vol. 61, pp. 640–652.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Cole, J., Costafreda, S.G., McGuffin, P., and Fu, C.H., J. Affect. Disord., 2011, vol. 134, pp. 483–487.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Baaré, W.F., Vinberg, M., Knudsen, G.M., Paulson, O.B., Langkilde, A.R., Jernigan, T.L., and Kessing, L.V., J. Psychiatr. Res., 2010, vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 655–662.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Rao, U., Chen, L.A., Bidesi, A.S., Shad, M.U., Thomas, M.A., and Hammen, C.L., Biol. Psychiatry, 2010, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 357–364.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kaymak, S.U., Demir, B., Sentürk, S., Tatar, I., Aldur, M.M., and Uluǧ, B., Eur. Arch. Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci., 2010, vol. 260, no. 3, pp. 217–223.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Sheline, Y.I., Biol. Psychiatry, 2011, vol. 70, pp. 308–309.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kucukibrahimoglu, E., Saygin, M.Z., Caliskan, M., Kaplan, O.K., Unsal, C., and Goren, M.Z., Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2009, vol. 65, pp. 571–577.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Hashimoto, K., Brain Res. Rev., 2009, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 105–123.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Mitani, H., Shirayama, Y., Yamada, T., Maeda, K., Ashby, C.R., Jr., and Kawahara, R., Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 2006, vol. 30, pp. 1155–1158.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Frye, M.A., Tsai, G.E., Huggins, T., Coyle, J.T., and Post, R.M., Biol. Psychiatry, 2007, vol. 61, pp. 162–166.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Levine, J., Panchalingam, K., Rapoport, A., Gershon, S., McClure, R.J., and Pettegrew, J.W., Biol. Psychiatry, 2000, vol. 47, pp. 586–593.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Taylor, M.J., Mannie, Z.N., Norbury, R., Near, J., and Cowen, P.J., Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2011, vol. 14, pp. 255–259.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Hashimoto, K., Sawa, A., and Iyo, M., Biol. Psychiatry, 2007, vol. 62, pp. 1310–1316.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Hasler, G., van der Veen, J.W., Tumonis, T., Meyers, N., Shen, J., and Drevets, W.C., Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 2007, vol. 64, pp. 193–200.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Yildiz-Yesiloglu, A. and Ankerst, D.P., Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 2006, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 969–995.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Sanacora, G., Gueorguieva, R., Epperson, C.N., Wu, Y.T., Appel, M., Rothman, D.L., Krystal, J.H., and Mason, G.F., Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 2004, vol. 61, pp. 705–713.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Siegle, G.J., Konecky, R.O., Thase, M.E., and Carter, C.S., Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 2003, vol. 985, pp. 481–484.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Vawter, M.P., Thatcher, L., Usen, N., Hyde, T.M., Kleinman, J.E., and Freed, W.J., Mol. Psychiatry, 2002, vol. 7, pp. 571–578.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Gilabert-Juan, J., Varea, E., Guirado, R., Blasco-Ibáñez, J.M., Crespo, C., and Nácher, J., Neurosci. Let., 2012, vol. 530, no. 1, pp. 97–102.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Beasley, C.L., Honer, W.G., Bergmann, K., Falkai, P., Lutjohann, D., and Bayer, T.A., Bipolar Disord., 2005, vol. 7, pp. 449–455.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Tian, S.Y., Wang, J.F., Bezchlibnyk, Y.B., and Young, L.T., Neurosci. Let., 2007, vol. 411, pp. 123–127.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Eastwood, S.L. and Harrison, P.J., Brain Res. Bull., 2001, vol. 55, pp. 569–578.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Uezato, A., Meador-Woodruff, J.H., and McCullumsmith, R.E., Bipolar Disord., 2009, vol. 11, pp. 711–725.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Weis, S., Llenos, I.C., Dulay, J.R., Verma, N., Sabunciyan, S., and Yolken, R.H., J. Neural. Transm., 2007, vol. 114, pp. 261–271.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Choudary, P.V., Molnar, M., Evans, S.J., Tomita, H., Li, J.Z., Vawter, M.P., Myers, R.M., Bunney, W.E., Jr., Akil, H., and Watson, S.J., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2005, vol. 102, pp. 15653–15658.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Peterson, B.S. and Weissman, M.M., Annu. Rev. Med., 2011, vol. 62, pp. 461–474.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Miguel-Hidalgo, J.J., Waltzer, R., Whittom, A.A., Austin, M.C., Rajkowska, G., and Stockmeier, C.A., J. Affect Disord., 2010, vol. 127, pp. 230–240.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Drevets, W., Price, J.L., and Furey, M.L., Brain Struct. Funct., 2008, vol. 213, pp. 93–118.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Schousboe A., Scafidi S., Bak L.K., Waagepetersen H.S., and McKenna M.C., Adv. Neurobiol., 2014, vol. 11, pp. 13–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Machado-Vieira, R., Manji, H.K., and Zarate, C.A., Neuroscientist, 2009, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 525–539.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Perea, G., Navarrete, M., and Araque, A., Trend. Neurosci., 2009, vol. 32, pp. 421–431.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Di Benedetto, B., Rupprecht, R., and Czeh, B., Curr. Drug. Targets, 2013, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 1329–1335.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Serafini, G., Pompili, M., Innamorati, M., Dwivedi, Y., Brahmachari, G., and Girardi, P., Curr. Pharm. Des., 2013, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 1898–1922.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Duncan, W.C., Sarasso, S., Ferrarelli, F., Selter, J., Riedner, B.A., Hejazi, N.S., Yuan, P., Brutsche, N., Manji, H.K., Tononi, G., and Zarate, C.A., Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2013, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 301–311.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Autry, A.E., Adachi, M., Nosyreva, E., Na, E.S., Los, M.F., Cheng, P.F., Kavalali, E.T., and Monteggia, L.M, Nature, 2011, vol. 475, no. 7354, pp. 91–95.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Krystal, J.H., Sanacora, G., and Duman, R.S., Biol. Psychiatry, 2013, vol. 73, pp. 1133–1141.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Diazgranados, N., Ibrahim, L., Brutsche, N.E., Newberg, A., Kronstein, P., Khalife, S., Kammerer, W.A., Quezado, Z., Luckenbaugh, D.A., Salvadore, G., Machado-Vieira, R., Manji, H.K., and Zarate, C.A., Jr., Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 2010, vol. 67, no. 8, pp. 793–802.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Preskorn, S., Baker, B., Kolluri, S., Menniti, F.S., Krams, M., and Landen, J.W., J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2008, vol. 28, pp. 631–637.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Ibrahim, L., DiazGranados, N., Jolkovsky, L., Brutsche, N., Luckenbaugh, D.A., Herring, W.J., Potter, W.Z., and Zarate C.A., Jr., Neuropsychopharmacology, 2012, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1526–1533.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Zarate, C.A., Jr., Singh, J., and Manji, H.K., Biol. Psychiatry, 2006, vol. 59, pp. 1006–1020.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. D’Sa, C. and Duman, R.S., Bipolar Disord., 2002, vol. 4, pp. 183–194.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Mundo, E., Tharmalingham, S., Neves-Pereira, M., Dalton, E.J., Macciardi, F., Parikh, S.V., Bolonna, A., Kerwin, R.W., Arranz, M.J., and Makoff, A.J., Mol. Psychiatry, 2003, vol. 8, pp. 241–245.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Itokawa, M., Yamada, K., Iwayama-Shigeno, Y., Ishitsuka, Y., Detera-Wadleigh, S., and Yoshikawa, T., Neurosci. Let., 2003, vol. 345, pp. 53–56.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Martucci, L., Wong, A.H., De Luca, V., Likhodi, O., Wong, G.W., King, N., and Kennedy, J.L., Schizophr. Res., 2006, vol. 84, pp. 214–221.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Constantine-Paton, M. and Cline, H.T., Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 1998, vol. 8, pp. 139–148.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Yoon, I.S., Li, P.P., Siu, K.P., Kennedy, J.L., Cooke, R.G., Parikh, S.V., and Warsh, J.J., Mol. Psychiatry, 2001, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 678–683.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Jope, R.S., Song, L., Li, P.P., Young, L.T., Kish, S.J., Pacheco, M.A., and Warsh, J.J., J. Neurochem., 1996, vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 2402–2409.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Lucassen, P.J., Heine, V.M., Muller, M.B., van der Beek, E.M., Wiegant, V.M., De Kloet, E.R., Joels, M., Fuchs, E., Swaab, D.F., and Czeh, B., CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug. Targets, 2006, vol. 5, pp. 531–546.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Toro, C. and Deakin, J.F., Schizophr. Res., 2005, vol. 80, pp. 323–330.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. McCullumsmith, R.E., Kristiansen, L.V., Beneyto, M., Scarr, E., Dean, B., and Meador-Woodruff, J.H., Brain Res., 2007, vol. 1127, pp. 108–118.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Nudmamud-Thanoi, S. and Reynolds, G.P., Neurosci. Let., 2004, vol. 372, pp. 173–177.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Beneyto, M., Kristiansen, L.V., Oni-Orisan, A., McCullumsmith, R.E., and Meador-Woodruff, J.H., Neuropsychopharmacology, 2007, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1888–1902.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Clinton, S.M. and Meador-Woodruff, J.H., Neuropsychopharmacology, 2004, vol. 29, pp. 1353–1362.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Feyissa, A.M., Chandran, A., Stockmeier, C.A., and Karolewicz, B., Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 2009, vol. 33, pp. 70–75.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Karolewicz, B., Szebeni, K., Gilmore, T., Maciag, D., Stockmeier, C.A., and Ordway, G.A., Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2009, vol. 12, pp. 143–153.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Scarr, E., Pavey, G., Sundram, S., Mackinnon A., and Dean, B, Bipolar Disord., 2003, vol. 5, pp. 257–264.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Meador-Woodruff, J.H., Hogg, A.J., Jr., and Smith, R.E., Brain Res. Bull., 2001, vol. 55, pp. 631–640.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Gibbons, A.S., Brooks, L., Scarr, E., and Dean, B., J. Affect. Disord., 2012, vol. 136, no. 3, pp. 1232–1237.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. McClung, C.A. and Nestler, E.J., Neuropsychopharmacology, 2008, vol. 33, pp. 3–17.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Tardito, D., Perez, J., Tiraboschi, E., Musazzi, L., Racagni, G., and Popoli, M., Pharmacol. Rev., 2006, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 115–134.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Ahmed, T. and Frey, J.U., Neuropharmacology, 2005, vol. 49, pp. 477–492.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Dowlatshahi, D., MacQueen, G.M., Wang, J.F., and Young L.T., Lancet, 1998, vol. 352, pp. 1754–1755.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Dwivedi, Y., Rizavi, H.S., Conley, R.R., and Pandey, G.N., Mol. Psychiatry, 2006, vol. 11, pp. 86–98.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Duric, V., Banasr, M., Licznerski, P., Schmidt, H., Stockmeier, C., Simen, A., Newton, S.S., and Duman, R.S., Nat. Med., 2010, vol. 16, pp. 1328–1332.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Connor, S.A., Wang, Y.T., and Nguyen, P.V., J. Physiol., 2011, vol. 589, no. 17, pp. 4321–4340.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Hoeffer, C.A. and Klann, E., Trends Neurosci., 2010, vol. 33, pp. 67–75.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Jernigan, C.S., Goswami, D.B., Austin, M.C., Iyo, A.H., Chandran, A., Stockmeier, C.A., and Karolewicz, B., Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 2011, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 1774–1779.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Lee, B.H., Kim, H., Park, S.H., and Kim, Y.K., J. Affect. Disord., 2007, vol. 101, pp. 239–244.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Ricci, V., Martinotti, G., Gelfo, F., Tonioni, F., Caltagirone, C., Bria, P., and Angelucci, F., Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 2011, vol. 215, no. 1, pp. 143–148.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Sen, S., Duman, R., and Sanacora, G., Biol. Psychiatry, 2008, vol. 64, pp. 527–532.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Martino, M., Rocchi, G., Escelsior, A., Contini, P., Colicchio, S., de Berardis, D., Amore, M., Fornaro, P., and Fornaro, M., Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2013, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 1824–1828.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Szczesny, E., Slusarczyk, J., Gombik, K., Budziszewska, B., Kubera, M., Lasoń, W., and Basta-Kaim, A., Pharmacol. Rep., 2013, vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 1622–1631.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Chen, B., Dowlatshahi, D., MacQueen, G.M., Wang, J.F., and Young, L.T., Biol. Psychiatry, 2001, vol. 50, pp. 260–265.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Gatt, J., Nemeroff, C.B., Dobson-Stone, C., Pauyl, R.H., Bryant, R.A., Schofield, P.R., Gordon, E., Kemp, A.H., and Williams, L.M., Mol. Psychiatry, 2009, vol. 14, pp. 681–695.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Post, R.M., J. Psychiatr. Res., 2007, vol. 41, pp. 979–990.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Laje, G., Lally, N., Mathews, D., Brutsche, N., Chemerinski, A., Akula, N., Kelmendi, B., Simen, A., McMahon, F.J., Sanacora, G., and Zarate, C., Biol. Psychiatry, 2012, vol. 72, no. 11, pp. e27–e28.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Liu, R.J., Lee, F.S., Li, X.Y., Bambico, F., Duman, R.S., and Aghajanian, G.K., Biol. Psychiatry, 2012, vol. 71, no. 11, pp. 996–1005.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Bezchlibnyk, Y.B., Xu, L., Wang, J.F., and Young, L.T., Brain Res., 2007, vol. 1147, pp. 213–217.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Duman, R.S. and Li, N., Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., 2012, vol. 367, no. 1601, pp. 2475–2484.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Licznerski, P. and Duman, R.S., Neuroscience, 2013, vol. 251, pp. 33–50.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Stepanichev, M., Dygalo, N.N., Grigoryan, G., Shishkina, G.T., and Gulyaeva, N., Biomed. Res. Int., 2014, vol. 2014, p. 932757.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Grigor’yan, G.A., Dygalo, N.N., Gekht, A.B., Stepanichev, M.Yu., and Gulyaeva, N.V., Usp. Fiziol. Nauk, 2014, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 3–19.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Musazzi, L., Racagni, G., and Popoli, M., Neurochem. Int., 2011, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 138–149.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Timmermans, W., Xiong, H., Hoogenraad, C.C., and Krugers, H.J., Neuroscience, 2013, vol. 248, pp. 626–636.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Swaab, D.F., Bao, A.M., and Lucassen, P.J., Age. Res. Rev., 2005, vol. 4, pp. 141–194.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Hajszan, T., Dow, A., Warner-Schmidt, J.L., Szigeti-Buck, K., Sallam, N.L., Parducz, A., Leranth, C., and Duman, R.S., Biol. Psychiatry, 2009, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 392–400.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Catena-Dell’Osso, M., Bellantuono, C., Consoli, G., Baroni, S., Rotella, F., and Marazziti, D., Curr. Med. Chem., 2011, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 245–255.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Khairova, R.A., Machado-Vieira, R., Du, J., and Manji, H.K., Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2009, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 561–578.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Larson, S.J. and Dunn, A.J., Brain Behav. Immun., 2001, vol. 15, pp. 371–387.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Shansky, R.M. and Morrison, J.H., Brain Res., 2009, vol. 1293, pp. 108–113.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Cerqueira, J.J., Taipa, R., Uylings, H.B., Almeida, O.F., and Sousa, N., Cereb. Cortex, 2007, vol. 17, pp. 1998–2006.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Radley, J.J. and Morrison, J.H., Age. Res. Rev., 2005, vol. 4, pp. 271–287.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Joels, M., Karst, H., Alfarez, D., Heine, V.M., Qin, Y., van Riel, E., Verkuyl, M., Lucassen, P.J., and Krugers, H.J., Stress, 2004, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 221–231.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Goldwater, D.S., Pavlides, C., Hunter, R.G., Bloss, E.B., Hof, P.R., McEwen, B.S., and Morrison, J.H., Neuroscience, 2009, vol. 164, no. 2, pp. 798–808.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Radley, J.J., Rocher, A.B., Rodriguez, A., Ehlenberger, D.B., Dammann, M., McEwen, B.S., Morrison, J.H., Wearne, S.L., and Hof, P.R., J. Comp. Neurol., 2008, vol. 507, pp. 1141–1150.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Tishkina, A.O., Levshina, I.P., Lazareva, N.A., Pasikova, N.V., Stepanichev, M.Yu., Airapetyants, M.G., and Gulyaeva, N.V., Dokl. Biol. Sci., 2009, vol. 428, pp. 403–406.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Hunsberger, J.G., Austin, D.R., Chen, G., and Manji, H.K., Brain Res., 2009, vol. 1293, pp. 76–84.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Bachis, A., Cruz, M.I., Nosheny, R.L., and Mocchetti, I., Neurosci. Let., 2008, vol. 442, pp. 104–108.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Bravo, J.A., Diaz-Veliz, G., Mora, S., Ulloa, J.L., Berthoud, V.M., Morales, P., Arancibia, S., and Fiedler, J.L., Behav. Pharmacol., 2009, vol. 20, pp. 273–285.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Kosten, T.A., Galloway, M.P., Duman, R.S., Russell, D.S., and D’Sa, C., Neuropsychopharmacology, 2008, vol. 33, pp. 1545–1558.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Banasr, M. and Duman, R.S., Biol. Psychiatry, 2008, vol. 64, pp. 863–870.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Banasr, M., Dwyer, J.M., and Duman, R.S., Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 2011, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 730–737.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Zink, M., Vollmayr, B., Gebicke-Haerter, P.J., and Henn, F.A., Neuropharmacology, 2010, vol. 58, pp. 465–473.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Almeida, R.F., Thomazi, A.P., Godinho, G.F., Saute, J.A., Wofchuk, S.T., Souza, D.O., and Ganzella, M., Neurochem. Res., 2010, vol. 35, pp. 1164–1171.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Hardingham, G.E. and Bading, H., Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 2010, vol. 11, pp. 682–696.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Banasr, M., Chowdhury, G.M., Terwilliger, R., Newton, S.S., Duman, R.S., Behar, K.L., and Sanacora, G., Mol. Psychiatry, 2010, vol. 5, pp. 501–511.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Hascup, E.R., Hascup, K.N., Stephens, M., Pomerleau, F., Huettl, P., Gratton, A., and Gerhardt, G.A., J. Neurochem., 2010, vol. 115, pp. 1608–1620.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. van der Zeyden, M., Oldenziel, W.H., Rea, K., Cremers, T.I., and Westerink, B.H., Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 2008, vol. 90, pp. 135–147.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Venero, C. and Borrell, J., Eur. J. Neurosi., 1999, vol. 11, pp. 2465–2473.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Musazzi, L., Milanese, M., Farisello, P., Zappettini, S., Tardito, D., Barbiero, V.S., Bonifacino, T., Mallei, A., Baldelli, P., Racagni, G., Raiteri, M., Benfenati, F., Bonanno, G., and Popoli, M., PLoS. One, 2010, vol. 5, no. 1, p. e8566.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Diamond, D.M., Campbell, A.M., Park, C.R., Woodson, J.C., Conrad, C.D., Bachstetter, A.D., and Mervis, R.F., Hippocampus, 2006, vol. 16, pp. 571–576.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Karst, H., Berger, S., Turiault, M., Tronche, F., Schutz, G., and Joels, M., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2005, vol. 102, pp. 19204–19207.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Yamamoto, B. and Reagan, L.P., Neuropsych. Dis. Treat., 2006, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 7–14.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Fontella, F.U., Vendite, D.A., Tabajara, A.S., Porciüncula, L.O., da Silva, Torres I.L., Jardim, F.M., Martini, L., Souza, D.O., Netto, C.A., and Dalmaz, C., Neurochem. Res., 2004, vol. 29, pp. 1703–1709.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Gourley, S.L., Kedves, A.T., Olausson, P., and Taylor, J.R., Neuropsychopharmacology, 2009, vol. 34, pp. 707–716.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Reagan, L.P., Rosell, D.R., Wood, G.E., Spedding, M., Munoz, C., Rothstein, J., and McEwen, B.S., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2004, vol. 101, pp. 2179–2184.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Zschocke, J., Bayatti, N., Clement, A.M., Witan, H., Figiel, M., Engele, J., and Behl, C., J. Biol. Chem., 2005, vol. 280, pp. 34924–34932.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Gourley, S.L., Espitia, J.W., Sanacora, G., and Taylor, J.R., Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 2012, vol. 219, no. 3, pp. 805–814.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Sublette, M.E. and Postolache, T.T., Psychosomat. Med., 2012, vol. 74, pp. 668–672.

    Google Scholar 

  135. McNally, L., Bhagwagar, Z., and Hannestad, J., CNS Spectr., 2008, vol. 13, pp. 501–510.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Krishnadas, R. and Cavanagh, J., J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr., 2012, vol. 83, pp. 495–502.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Pilc, A., Wierońska, J.M., and Skolnick, P., Biol. Psychiatry, 2013, vol. 73, no. 12, pp. 1125–1132.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Machado-Vieira, R., Salvadore, G., Ibrahim, L.A., Diaz-Granados, N., and Zarate, C.A., Jr., Curr. Pharm. Des., 2009, vol. 15, no. 14, pp. 1595–1611.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    I. V. Kudryashova

Authors
  1. I. V. Kudryashova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to I. V. Kudryashova.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © I.V. Kudryashova, 2015, published in Neirokhimiya, 2015, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 5–12.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kudryashova, I.V. Neurodegenerative changes in depression: Excitotoxicity or a deficit of trophic factors?. Neurochem. J. 9, 1–7 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819712415010043

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819712415010043

Keywords

Search

Navigation