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Clinical characterisation of the CABP4-related retinal phenotype
  1. Arif O Khan1,2,
  2. May Alrashed2,3,4,
  3. Fowzan S Alkuraya2,5,6
  1. 1Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  2. 2Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  3. 3Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  4. 4Department of Molecular Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
  5. 5Department of Pediatrics, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  6. 6Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  1. Correspondence to Dr Arif O Khan, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology; King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11462, Saudi Arabia; arif.khan{at}mssm.edu

Abstract

Background Calcium binding protein 4 (CABP4), specifically located in photoreceptor synaptic terminals, has been associated with congenital stationary night blindness based on this clinical diagnosis being made for three individuals from two Swiss families with CABP4 mutations; however, the few reported cases limit phenotype–genotype correlation. We expand the number of reported patients with CABP4 mutations and clinically characterise the CABP4-related phenotype.

Methods A retrospective case series of 11 individuals (age 2â 26 years; four consanguineous families) with early-onset retinal dysfunction found to harbour CABP4 mutations after a strategy of homozygosity analysis and/or candidate gene testing.

Results The 11 patients from four families harboured the same homozygous CABP4 mutation (c.81_82insA; p.Pro28Thrfs*4) and shared a common haplotype. All patients had congenital nystagmus, stable low vision, photophobia and a normal or near-normal fundus appearance. None complained of night blindness when specifically questioned. Eight had hyperopic cycloplegic refractions (≥+ 1.00 dioptre). Electroretinography showed an electronegative waveform response to scotopic bright flash, near-normal to subnormal rod function, and delayed and/or decreased cone responses or was non-recordable. Although these and previously reported families with homozygous mutations were labelled with different clinical diagnoses, all had similar clinical features.

Conclusion These typical clinical features, which do not include a symptom of night blindness, suggest CABP4 mutations. The phenotype is best uniformly termed congenital cone-rod synaptic disorder. In Saudi Arabia a founder homozygous c.81_82insA CABP4 mutation is a recurrent cause.

  • Retina
  • Child health (paediatrics)
  • Electrophysiology
  • Genetics

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