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Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses in Pregnancies With Obesity and Periodontal Disease

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Abstract

Background: Maternal obesity is related to immunologic and inflammatory systemic modifications that may worsen the pregnancy inflammatory status. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can adversely affect oral biofilms and oral health initiating or worsening periodontal diseases, with enhanced local and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between local salivary and systemic parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation in relation to obesity and periodontal diseases. Study Design: Sixty-two women with singleton pregnancies were enrolled. Twenty-seven women were normal weight (NW; 18.5< body mass index [BMI] <25 kg/m2) and 35 obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Seventeen of the obese had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). During third trimester, periodontal status was evaluated, saliva (s) was collected to assess total antioxidant capacity (s-TAC) and C-reactive protein (s-CRP) levels, and venous plasma (p) was used to measure CRP levels (p-CRP). Maternal, fetal, and placental data were registered at delivery. Results: Levels of s-TAC, s-CRP, and p-CRP were significantly higher in obese, particularly in the presence of GDM, compared to NW and related to each other (P = .000; r > 0.59), to maternal BMI (P =. 000; r > 0.52), and fasting glycemia (P <.002; r > 0.47). Periodontal disease was more frequent in obese groups (80%) versus NW (52%; P = .04), particularly when GDM was diagnosed (P = .009). A significant interaction effect between maternal BMI and oral condition was found for s-TAC levels. Obese with periodontitis showed significant increase in local and systemic parameters versus NW. Conclusion: Obesity and periodontal disease could synergistically amplify the inflammatory and oxidative status, resulting in increased local and systemic biomarkers particularly when GDM is diagnosed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, “L. Sacco” University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy

    Marta Zambon MD, Chiara Mandò PhD, Gaia Maria Anelli PhD, Chiara Novielli PhD, Manuela Cardellicchio MD, Maddalena Massari MD & Irene Cetin MD

  2. Unit of Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy

    Alessandra Lissoni RDH, BS & Silvio Abati MD, DMD

  3. Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy

    Roberto Leone BS

  4. Laboratory of Analysis, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy

    Marta Noemi Monari MS

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  1. Marta Zambon MD
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  2. Chiara Mandò PhD
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  3. Alessandra Lissoni RDH, BS
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  4. Gaia Maria Anelli PhD
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  5. Chiara Novielli PhD
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  6. Manuela Cardellicchio MD
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  7. Roberto Leone BS
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  8. Marta Noemi Monari MS
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  9. Maddalena Massari MD
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  10. Irene Cetin MD
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  11. Silvio Abati MD, DMD
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Correspondence to Irene Cetin MD.

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Zambon, M., Mandò, C., Lissoni, A. et al. Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses in Pregnancies With Obesity and Periodontal Disease. Reprod. Sci. 25, 1474–1484 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719117749758

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