Abstract
Objectives
To compare cardiometabolic risk factors of Brazilian children and adolescents with international reference values. Cardiometabolic risk factors constitute the Metabolic Syndrome, whose evaluation is important to assess pediatric populations’ health and potential to experience metabolic disorders.
Methods
Cross-sectional study that included 2,250 randomly selected children and adolescents (55.6% girls), aged 6 to 17. Cardiometabolic parameters (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], systolic and diastolic blood pressures [SBP and DBP], total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], TC:HDL-C ratio, triglycerides [TG], glucose and peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak]), and clustered risk scores were compared to international age- and sex-specific reference values. A clustered risk score was calculated by summing the WC, glucose, SBP, TG, and the TC:HDL-C ratio Z-scores divided by five. A second clustered was calculated including VO2peak (inverted) Z-score, but divided by six.
Results
The clustered risk score, considering the all ages sample, was better in the Brazilian boys (−0.20 [−0.41;0.01] and −0.18 [−0.37;0.01], including or not VO2peak, respectively) but not significantly, and worse in girls (0.24 [0.05;0.43] and 0.28 [0.11;0.44], including or not VO2peak, respectively) than the international reference. Additionally, Brazilian youth had a statistically better profile in TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TC:HDL-C ratio, and VO2peak (only girls) as well as a worse profile in BMI, WC, SBP, DBP, TG (only girls), and VO2peak (only boys).
Conclusions
The clustered cardiometabolic risk score (including or not VO2peak), considering the all ages sample, was better in the Brazilian boys, but not significantly, and worse in girls compared to the international reference.
Funding source: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Brazil
Award Identifier / Grant number: 001
Acknowledgments
We thank all of the participants for their contributions to the research as well the support of the University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Brazil.
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Research funding: This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) Finance Code 001. EDITAL FAPERGS/CAPES 06/2018 – PROGRAMA DE INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO.
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Author contributions: All authors wrote, read, and approved the final version of the manuscript. Letícia Welser made substantial contributions to the conception, methodology, investigation, writing - original draft, and writing - review & editing. Rodrigo Antunes Lima made substantial contributions to the conception, methodology, analysis of data for the work, and interpretation of data for the work. João Francisco de Castro Silveira contributed toward acquisition of data for the work, methodology, and writing - review & editing. Lars Bo Andersen made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the work, revising it critically for important intellectual content, formal analysis, and supervision. Karin Allor Pfeiffer contributed toward conceptualization, writing - review & editing, and supervision. Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner contributed toward project administration, resources, and supervision. Cézane Priscila Reuter contributed toward data curation, formal analysis, supervision, final approval of the version to be published, project administration, and funding acquisition.
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Competing interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Informed consent: All parents provided informed consent and students 12 years or older signed the assent form, according to the legislation at the time of data collection.
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Ethical approval: The study was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research with Human Subjects of the University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), under number 31576714.6.0000.5343.
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Supplementary Material
The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2021-0023).
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