Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter February 21, 2014

Circadian rhythm, sleep pattern, and metabolic consequences: an overview on cardiovascular risk factors

  • Roberta Marcondes Machado and Marcia Kiyomi Koike EMAIL logo

Abstract

Sleep duration is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Alteration in sleep pattern can induce the loss of circadian rhythmicity. Chronically, this desynchronization between endogenous rhythm and behavioral cycles can lead to an adverse metabolic profile, a proinflammatory condition and can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The circadian cycle can vary due to environmental cues. The circadian pacemaker is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei; this central clock coordinates the circadian rhythm in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. The mechanisms involved in sleep disturbance, circadian misalignment and adverse metabolic effects have yet to be fully elucidated. This review looks over the association among sleep alteration, circadian rhythm and the development of risk factors implicated in cardiovascular disease.


Corresponding author: Marcia Kiyomi Koike, Rua Catulo da Paixão Cearense, 297/122e – São Paulo, Brazil, ZIPcode: 04145-010, Phone: +55 11 9 9964-8421, Fax: +55 11 3061-7170, E-mail:

References

1. Miller MA, Cappuccio FP. Inflammation, sleep, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2007;5:93–102.10.2174/157016107780368280Search in Google Scholar PubMed

2. Gallicchio L, Kalesan B. Sleep duration and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res 2009;18:148–58.10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00732.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

3. Siegel JM. Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep. Nature 2005;437:1264–71.10.1038/nature04285Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

4. Green CB, Takahashi JS, Bass J. The meter of metabolism. Cell 2008;134:728–42.10.1016/j.cell.2008.08.022Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

5. Meisinger C, Heier M, Loewel H, MONICA/KORA Augsburg Cohort Study. Sleep disturbance as a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men and women from the general population. Diabetologia 2005;48:235–41.10.1007/s00125-004-1604-3Search in Google Scholar PubMed

6. Nielsen LS, Danielsen KV, Sørensen TI. Short sleep duration as a possible cause of obesity: critical analysis of the epidemiological evidence. Obes Rev 2011;12:78–92.10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00724.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

7. Gangwisch JE, Heymsfield SB, Boden-Albala B, Buijs RM, Kreier F, Pickering TG, Rundle AG, Zammit GK, Malaspina D. Short sleep duration as a risk factor for hypertension: analyses of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Hypertension 2006;47:833–9.10.1161/01.HYP.0000217362.34748.e0Search in Google Scholar PubMed

8. Grandner MA, Sands-Lincoln MR, Pak VM, Garland SN. Sleep duration, cardiovascular disease, and proinflammatory biomarkers. Nat Sci Sleep 2013;5:93–107.10.2147/NSS.S31063Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

9. Hoevenaar-Blom MP, Spijkerman AM, Kromhout D, van den Berg JF, Verschuren WM. Sleep duration and sleep quality in relation to 12-year cardiovascular disease incidence: the MORGEN study. Sleep 2011;34:1487–92.10.5665/sleep.1382Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

10. World Health Organization. World Health Statistics. Publications of the World Health Organization, available on the WHO web site (www.who.int), 2013. Accessed on: 18/08/2013.Search in Google Scholar

11. Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med 2006;3:e442.10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

12. Cappuccio FP, Cooper D, D’Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Sleep duration predicts cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur Heart J 2011;32:1484–92.10.1093/eurheartj/ehr007Search in Google Scholar

13. Kohsaka A, Bass J. A sense of time: how molecular clocks organize metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2007;18:4–11.10.1016/j.tem.2006.11.005Search in Google Scholar

14. Laposky AD, Bass J, Kohsaka A, Turek FW. Sleep and circadian rhythms: key components in the regulation of energy metabolism. FEBS Lett 2008;582:142–51.10.1016/j.febslet.2007.06.079Search in Google Scholar

15. Panda S, Antoch MP, Cappuccio BH, Su AI, Schook AB, Straume M, Schultz PG, Kay SA, Takahashi JS, Hogenesch JB. Coordinated transcription of key pathways in the mouse by the circadian clock. Cell 2002;109:307–20.10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00722-5Search in Google Scholar

16. Panda S, Hogenesch JB, Kay SA. Circadian rhythms from flies to human. Nature 2002;417:329–35.10.1038/417329aSearch in Google Scholar

17. Hastings MH, Reddy AB, Maywood ES. A clockwork web: circadian timing in brain and periphery, in health and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2003;4:649–61.10.1038/nrn1177Search in Google Scholar

18. Field MD, Maywood ES, O’Brien JA, Weaver DR, Reppert<nonbrspace;SM, Hastings MH. Analysis of clock proteins in mouse SCN demonstrates phylogenetic divergence of the circadian clockwork and resetting mechanisms. Neuron 2000;25:437–47.10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80906-XSearch in Google Scholar

19. Reddy AB, Field MD, Maywood ES, Hastings MH. Differential resynchronisation of circadian clock gene expression within the suprachiasmatic nuclei of mice subjected to experimental jet lag. J Neurosci 2002;22:7326–30.10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-17-07326.2002Search in Google Scholar

20. Dijk DJ, Lockley SW. Integration of human sleep-wake regulation and circadian rhythmicity. J Appl Physiol 2002;92:852–62.10.1152/japplphysiol.00924.2001Search in Google Scholar PubMed

21. Rechtschaffen A, Bergmann BM, Gilliland MA, Bauer K. Effects of method, duration, and sleep stage on rebounds from sleep deprivation in the rat. Sleep 1999;22:11–31.10.1093/sleep/22.1.11Search in Google Scholar PubMed

22. Naylor E, Bergmann BM, Krauski K, Zee PC, Takahashi JS, Vitaterna MH, Turek FW. The circadian clock mutation alters sleep homeostasis in the mouse. J Neurosci 2000;20:8138–43.10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-21-08138.2000Search in Google Scholar

23. Turek FW, Joshu C, Kohsaka A, Lin E, Ivanova G, McDearmon E, Laposky A, Losee-Olson S, Easton A, Jensen DR, Eckel RH, Takahashi JS, Bass J. Obesity and metabolic syndrome in circadian Clock mutant mice. Science 2005;308:1043–5.10.1126/science.1108750Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

24. Fonken LK, Workman JL, Walton JC, Weil ZM, Morris JS, Haim A, Nelson RJ. Light at night increases body mass by shifting the time of food intake. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107:18664–9.10.1073/pnas.1008734107Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

25. Haus E, Smolensky M. Biological clocks and shift work: circadian dysregulation and potential long-term effects. Cancer Causes Control 2006;17:489–500.10.1007/s10552-005-9015-4Search in Google Scholar PubMed

26. Scheer FA, Michelson AD, Frelinger AL 3rd, Evoniuk H, Kelly EE, McCarthy M, Doamekpor LA, Barnard MR, Shea SA. The human endogenous circadian system causes greatest platelet activation during the biological morning independent of behaviors. PLoS One 2011;6:e24549.10.1371/journal.pone.0024549Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

27. Gonnissen HK, Hursel R, Rutters F, Martens EA, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effects of sleep fragmentation on appetite and related hormone concentrations over 24 h in healthy men. Br J Nutr 2012;8:1–9.Search in Google Scholar

28. Calvin AD, Carter RE, Adachi T, G Macedo P, Albuquerque FN, van der Walt C, Bukartyk J, Davison DE, Levine JA, Somers VK. Effects of experimental sleep restriction on caloric intake and activity energy expenditure. Chest 2013;144:79–86.10.1378/chest.12-2829Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

29. Spiegel K, Tasali E, Penev P, Van Cauter E. Brief communication: sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:846–50.10.7326/0003-4819-141-11-200412070-00008Search in Google Scholar PubMed

30. Spaeth AM, Dinges DF, Goel N. Effects of experimental sleep restriction on weight gain, caloric intake, and meal timing in healthy adults. Sleep 2013;36:981–90.10.5665/sleep.2792Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

31. Menotti A, Keys A, Aravanis C, Blackburn H, Dontas A, Fidanza F, Karvonen MJ, Kromhout D, Nedeljkovic S, Nissinen A, Pekkanen J, Punsar S, Seccareccia F, Toshima H. Seven Countries Study. First 20-year mortality data in 12 cohorts of six countries. Annals of Medicine 1989;21:175–9.10.3109/07853898909149929Search in Google Scholar PubMed

32. Menotti A, Kromhout D, Blackburn H, Fidanza F, Buzina R, Nissinen A. Food intake patterns and 25-year mortality from coronary heart disease: cross-cultural correlations in the Seven Countries Study. Eur J Epidemiol 1999;15:507–15.10.1023/A:1007529206050Search in Google Scholar

33. Kohsaka A, Laposky AD, Ramsey KM, Estrada C, Joshu C, Kobayashi Y, Turek FW, Bass J. High-fat diet disrupts behavioral and molecular circadian rhythms in mice. Cell Metab 2007;6:414–21.10.1016/j.cmet.2007.09.006Search in Google Scholar PubMed

34. Taheri S, Lin L, Austin D, Young T, Mignot E. Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PLoS Med 2004;1:e62.10.1371/journal.pmed.0010062Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

35. Libby P. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83:456S–60S.10.1093/ajcn/83.2.456SSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

36. Mullington JM, Simpson NS, Meier-Ewert HK, Haack M. Sleep loss and inflammation. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;24:775–84.10.1016/j.beem.2010.08.014Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

37. Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Rifai N. C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med 2000;342:836–43.10.1056/NEJM200003233421202Search in Google Scholar PubMed

38. Kuller LH, Tracy RP, Shaten J, Meilahn EN. Relation of C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease in the MRFIT nested case-control study. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Epidemiol 1996;144:537–47.Search in Google Scholar

39. Meier-Ewert HK, Ridker PM, Rifai N, Regan MM, Price NJ, Dinges DF, Mullington JM. Effect of sleep loss on C-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker of cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:678–83.10.1016/j.jacc.2003.07.050Search in Google Scholar PubMed

40. van Leeuwen WM, Lehto M, Karisola P, Lindholm H, Luukkonen R, Sallinen M, Härmä M, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Alenius H. Sleep restriction increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases by augmenting proinflammatory responses through IL-17 and CRP. PLoS One. 2009;4:e4589.10.1371/journal.pone.0004589Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

41. Chennaoui M, Sauvet F, Drogou C, Van Beers P, Langrume C, Guillard M, Gourby B, Bourrilhon C, Florence G, Gomez-Merino D. Effect of one night of sleep loss on changes in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in healthy men. Cytokine. 2011;56:318–24.10.1016/j.cyto.2011.06.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

42. Vgontzas AN, Zoumakis E, Bixler EO, Lin HM, Follett H, Kales A, Chrousos GP. Adverse effects of modest sleep restriction on sleepiness, performance, and inflammatory cytokines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:2119–26.10.1210/jc.2003-031562Search in Google Scholar PubMed

43. Irwin MR, Wang M, Campomayor CO, Collado-Hidalgo A, Cole S. Sleep deprivation and activation of morning levels of cellular and genomic markers of inflammation. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1756–62.10.1001/archinte.166.16.1756Search in Google Scholar PubMed

44. Preuss F, Tang Y, Laposky AD, Arble D, Keshavarzian A, Turek FW. Adverse effects of chronic circadian desynchronization in animals in a “challenging” environment. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008;295:R2034–40.10.1152/ajpregu.00118.2008Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

45. Irwin MR, Wang M, Ribeiro D, Cho HJ, Olmstead R, Breen EC, Martinez-Maza O, Cole S. Sleep loss activates cellular inflammatory signaling. Biol Psychiatry. 2008;64:538–40.10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

46. Cappuccio FP, D’Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Sleep duration and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sleep. 2010;33:585–92.10.1093/sleep/33.5.585Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

47. Cappuccio FP, Taggart FM, Kandala NB, Currie A, Peile E, Stranges S, Miller MA. Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults. Sleep. 2008;31:619–26.10.1093/sleep/31.5.619Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Received: 2013-9-30
Accepted: 2014-1-24
Published Online: 2014-2-21
Published in Print: 2014-4-1

©2014 by De Gruyter

Downloaded on 2.6.2024 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hmbci-2013-0057/html
Scroll to top button