Dual activity of serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ yielding positive and inverse associations with cardiometabolic risk

Abstract

Background: The clinical relevance of serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ (Lp-PLA₂) in populations prone to cardiometabolic risk needs exploration. We determined major covariates of Lp-PLA₂ mass, and its associations with cardiometabolic disorders.

Methods: In 736 Turkish adults, serum total Lp-PLA₂ mass was determined by immunoassay. Its association with cardiometabolic risk was assessed in three categories. In a second sample of 98 subjects, enzyme protein in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was also assayed after precipitation.

Results: Significant inverse correlation existed with high triglyceride/low HDL cholesterol dyslipidemia, waist girth, apolipoprotein C-III, homeostatic model assessment, and linear inverse associations in women with lipoprotein (a) and fibrinogen, suggesting that Lp-PLA₂ mass reflected insulin sensitivity and that HDL bound enzyme mass dominated the associations. Among men, positive linear association with total cholesterol suggested additional association with low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-bound enzyme. High (>450 ng/mL) opposed to low (<210 ng/mL) circulating Lp-PLA₂ mass was associated with prevalent and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in men. One SD increment in Lp-PLA₂ was associated with a 1.64-fold (95% CI 1.00; 2.70) likelihood of CHD, after adjustment for potential confounders. Furthermore, Lp-PLA₂ categories were significantly, independently and inversely associated in men with diabetes only (OR 0.61) and in women with metabolic syndrome only (OR 0.68), for a 1-SD increment.

Conclusions: Serum total Lp-PLA₂ mass may indicate either elevated or diminished cardiometabolic risk, specific for gender, depending on its partitioning in lipoprotein groups.