Abstract
Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the role of the cerebellum in non-motor behaviors. Abnormalities in the cerebellar structure have been demonstrated to produce changes in emotional, cognitive, and social behaviors resembling clinical manifestations observed in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia. Several animal models have been used to evaluate the effects of relevant environmental and genetic risk factors on the cerebellum development and function. However, very few models of ASD and schizophrenia selectively target the cerebellum and/or specific cell types within this structure. In this review, we critically evaluate the strength and weaknesses of these models. We will propose that the future progress in this field will require time- and cell type-specific manipulations of disease-relevant genes, not only selectively in the cerebellum, but also in frontal brain areas connected with the cerebellum. Such information can advance our knowledge of the cerebellar contribution to non-motor behaviors in mental health and disease.
About the authors
Alexey V. Shevelkin received his PhD at the P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology. His long-term research interests involve the development of a comprehensive understanding of molecular and genetic mechanisms of neuronal plasticity as well as how alterations in gene expression contribute to neural and behavioral activity in normal and disease conditions. Currently, he is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Pletnikov Laboratory in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. His research in the Pletnikov group is supported by the International Training in Neuroscience fellowship awarded by NIMH.
Chinezimuzo ‘Chinezi’ Ihenatu is an undergraduate at Brown University, where she studies Neuroscience. During her summer breaks, she serves as a research assistant in the Pletnikov Lab at Johns Hopkins University. She became involved with schizophrenia research at the Pletnikov Lab through the Summer Training and Research Programs at Johns Hopkins. She continues to work in the Lab.
Mikhail V. Pletnikov, MD, PhD is an Associate Professor at the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. His laboratory is interested in the neurobiology of neurodevelopmental diseases, such as schizophrenia and autism. The major focus of the Lab is to evaluate how adverse environmental factors and vulnerable genes interact to affect brain and behavior development. The Pletnikov lab addresses these experimental questions using methods of cell and molecular biology, neuroimmunology, neurochemistry, psychopharmacology, and developmental psychobiology.
Acknowledgments
This review was supported by the fellowship grant, 1F05MH097457-01 (AVS).
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