Abstract
Despite great advancement in the understanding of the pathophysiology and in the development of novel therapeutic approaches, mortality of sepsis still remains unacceptably high. Adequate laboratory diagnostics represents a major requirement for the improvement of this situation. For a better understanding of the immunological dysregulation in this disease, several markers are now available for routine diagnostics in the clinical laboratory. They include the cytokines interleukin (IL) -6, IL-8, procalcitonin and the LPSbinding protein (LBP). These novel markers will be compared to the conventional procedure of diagnosing inflammatory and infectious disease, such as measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a major acute phase protein and differential blood counting. Important questions addressed in this review are the usefulness of these markers for early diagnosis, their role as prognostic markers and in the risk assessment of patients. Furthermore, we will discuss whether these parameters are to differentiate between systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis at its different degrees. In the case of an infectious nature of the disease, it is important to differentiate between viral or bacterial origin and to monitor the responsiveness of antibiotic therapies. The literature was analysed with focus on the evidence for diagnostic and analytical performance. For this purpose international definition and staging criteria were used in context of criteria for assay performance including sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, ROC analysis and other analytical criteria.
Keywords: diagnosis, outcome, SIRS, procalcitonin, marker, Sepsis
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Inflammatory Markers in SIRS, Sepsis and Septic Shock
Volume: 15 Issue: 6
Author(s): H. Renz and I. Herzum
Affiliation:
Keywords: diagnosis, outcome, SIRS, procalcitonin, marker, Sepsis
Abstract: Despite great advancement in the understanding of the pathophysiology and in the development of novel therapeutic approaches, mortality of sepsis still remains unacceptably high. Adequate laboratory diagnostics represents a major requirement for the improvement of this situation. For a better understanding of the immunological dysregulation in this disease, several markers are now available for routine diagnostics in the clinical laboratory. They include the cytokines interleukin (IL) -6, IL-8, procalcitonin and the LPSbinding protein (LBP). These novel markers will be compared to the conventional procedure of diagnosing inflammatory and infectious disease, such as measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a major acute phase protein and differential blood counting. Important questions addressed in this review are the usefulness of these markers for early diagnosis, their role as prognostic markers and in the risk assessment of patients. Furthermore, we will discuss whether these parameters are to differentiate between systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis at its different degrees. In the case of an infectious nature of the disease, it is important to differentiate between viral or bacterial origin and to monitor the responsiveness of antibiotic therapies. The literature was analysed with focus on the evidence for diagnostic and analytical performance. For this purpose international definition and staging criteria were used in context of criteria for assay performance including sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, ROC analysis and other analytical criteria.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Renz H. and Herzum I., Inflammatory Markers in SIRS, Sepsis and Septic Shock, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2008; 15 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986708783769704
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986708783769704 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Ganoderma lucidum (Ling-zhi): The Impact of Chemistry on Biological Activity in Cancer
Current Bioactive Compounds Nanosuspension Technology For Poorly Soluble Drugs: Recent Researches, Advances and Patents
Recent Patents on Nanotechnology Invasive aspergillosis: adjunctive combination therapy
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Discovery of STAT3 Inhibitors: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Current Medicinal Chemistry H+-myo-Inositol Transporter SLC2A13 as a Potential Marker for Cancer Stem Cells in an Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Current Cancer Drug Targets Synthesis, Molecular Docking Study, and Cytotoxic Activity of 3,4-diaryl-5-(4-pyridinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole
Medicinal Chemistry Role of Vitamin A in T Cell Homing to the Gut
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Effect of Surface Charge Density of a w/o/w Emulsion on the Brain Targeting of Levodopa in Rats for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Drug Delivery Letters ApoA-I Mimetic Peptides as Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents Blood-Based Biomarkers of Alzheimer´s Disease: Diagnostic Algorithms and New Technologies
Current Alzheimer Research Editorial (Thematic Issue: Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Cardiovascular Disease Treatment: From Molecular Level to Nanotechnology)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Graphical Abstracts
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery The Future of Collateral Artery Research
Current Cardiology Reviews Neuronal-glial Interactions Define the Role of Nitric Oxide in Neural Functional Processes
Current Neuropharmacology The Role of Oxidative Stress in Huntington’s Disease: Are Antioxidants Good Therapeutic Candidates?
Current Drug Targets Triptolide Induces Cell Apoptosis by Targeting H3K4me3 and Downstream Effector Proteins in KM3 Multiple Myeloma Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Aldose Reductase / Polyol Inhibitors for Diabetic Retinopathy
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Drugs for AIDS
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Recombination Proteins and Telomere Stability in Plants
Current Protein & Peptide Science Preclinical Models of Multiple Sclerosis: Advantages and Limitations Towards Better Therapies
Current Medicinal Chemistry