Abstract
This review article is intended to describe how oxidative stress regulates cardiovascular disease development and progression. Epigenetic mechanisms related to oxidative stress, as well as more reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress, are emerging over the last years as potentially useful tools to design therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating enhanced oxidative stress “in vivo”, thereby mitigating the consequent atherosclerotic burden. As a paradigm, we describe the case of obesity, in which the intertwining among oxidative stress, due to caloric overload, chronic low-grade inflammation induced by adipose tissue dysfunction, and platelet activation represents a vicious cycle favoring the progression of atherothrombosis. Oxidative stress is a major player in the pathobiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Reactive oxygen species (ROS)- dependent signaling pathways prompt transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulation, inducing chronic low-grade inflammation, platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, several oxidative biomarkers have been proposed with the potential to improve current understanding of the mechanisms underlying CVD. These include ROS-generating and/or quenching molecules, and ROS-modified compounds, such as F2-isoprostanes. There is also increasing evidence that noncoding micro- RNA (mi-RNA) are critically involved in post- transcriptional regulation of cell functions, including ROS generation, inflammation, regulation of cell proliferation, adipocyte differentiation, angiogenesis and apoptosis. These molecules have promising translational potential as both markers of disease and site of targeted interventions. Finally, oxidative stress is a critical target of several cardioprotective drugs and nutraceuticals, including antidiabetic agents, statins, renin-angiotensin system blockers, polyphenols and other antioxidants. Further understanding of ROS-generating mechanisms, their biological role as well as potential therapeutic implications would translate into consistent benefits for effective CV prevention.
Keywords: Biomarker, inflammation, obesity, oxidative stress, platelet activation.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Oxidative Stress Drivers and Modulators in Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Approach
Volume: 22 Issue: 5
Author(s): F. Santilli, M.T. Guagnano, N. Vazzana, S. La Barba and G. Davi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Biomarker, inflammation, obesity, oxidative stress, platelet activation.
Abstract: This review article is intended to describe how oxidative stress regulates cardiovascular disease development and progression. Epigenetic mechanisms related to oxidative stress, as well as more reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress, are emerging over the last years as potentially useful tools to design therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating enhanced oxidative stress “in vivo”, thereby mitigating the consequent atherosclerotic burden. As a paradigm, we describe the case of obesity, in which the intertwining among oxidative stress, due to caloric overload, chronic low-grade inflammation induced by adipose tissue dysfunction, and platelet activation represents a vicious cycle favoring the progression of atherothrombosis. Oxidative stress is a major player in the pathobiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Reactive oxygen species (ROS)- dependent signaling pathways prompt transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulation, inducing chronic low-grade inflammation, platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, several oxidative biomarkers have been proposed with the potential to improve current understanding of the mechanisms underlying CVD. These include ROS-generating and/or quenching molecules, and ROS-modified compounds, such as F2-isoprostanes. There is also increasing evidence that noncoding micro- RNA (mi-RNA) are critically involved in post- transcriptional regulation of cell functions, including ROS generation, inflammation, regulation of cell proliferation, adipocyte differentiation, angiogenesis and apoptosis. These molecules have promising translational potential as both markers of disease and site of targeted interventions. Finally, oxidative stress is a critical target of several cardioprotective drugs and nutraceuticals, including antidiabetic agents, statins, renin-angiotensin system blockers, polyphenols and other antioxidants. Further understanding of ROS-generating mechanisms, their biological role as well as potential therapeutic implications would translate into consistent benefits for effective CV prevention.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Santilli F., Guagnano M.T., Vazzana N., Barba La S. and Davi G., Oxidative Stress Drivers and Modulators in Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Approach, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2015; 22 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867322666141128163739
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867322666141128163739 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Relaxin as a Cardiovascular Hormone: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Promises
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Novel Antidepressant Drugs, Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Development of Arene Ruthenium Antitumor Complexes
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Aldosterone and the Pathogenesis of Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews Editorial [“Current Aging Science”: An Important Platform for Reporting Advances in Aging-related Research]
Current Aging Science Adipose Tissue: The Link Between Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Editorial: [Pleiotropic Effects of Statins: Implications for a Wide Range of Diseases]
Current Vascular Pharmacology Stress and Vulnerability Due to the Care Task: An Observational Study on Older Caregivers
Current Psychopharmacology The Missed Tc-99m Radiopharmaceuticals for Cardiac Imaging
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Computational Biological Analysis Reveals a Role for Nitric Oxide Synthase and Adiponectin in the Pathobiology of Insulin Resistance Syndrome and Coronary Artery Disease
Current Nutrition & Food Science Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: A New Therapeutic Target
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Reactive Oxygen Species in Myocardial Reperfusion Injury: From Physiopathology to Therapeutic Approaches
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Post-stroke Depression Therapy: Where are we now?
Current Neurovascular Research Cardiovascular Disease in the Setting of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Current Cardiology Reviews Advanced Echocardiographic Imaging of the Congenitally Malformed Heart
Current Cardiology Reviews A Rationale for Combined Therapy with a Calcium Channel Blocker and a Statin: Evaluation of Basic and Clinical Evidence
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Comparison Between the Effects of Bupivacaine and Levobupivacaine for Spinal Anesthesia on QT Dispersion
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Peptide Receptor as a Therapeutic Target for Obesity
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Coronary Artery Bypass Graft in HIV-Infected Patients: A Multicenter Case Control Study
Current HIV Research Understanding The Role of Inflammasome in Angina Pectoris
Current Protein & Peptide Science