Abstract
Worldwide, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children, the elderly and immuno-compromised individuals. Moreover, RSV is the mayor cause of infant hospitalization due to lower respiratory infection, regardless socioeconomic status. Accumulating data support the notion that immune responses elicited against naturally acquired RSV infections are non-lasting and inappropriate for efficient virus clearance. Although there is consensus over the capacity of RSV to impair the development of an effective and protective adaptive immune response, very little is known about specific viral determinants involved in these processes as well as the molecular mechanisms developed by this virus to inhibit T cell function. Recent studies have provided evidence supporting an important role for dendritic cells in RSV-induced suppression of immunity. Although recognized for over 50 years as an important respiratory pathogen and healthcare problem, to date there are no available vaccines against this virus, which highlights the complexity of RSV-induced immunopathology. The development of new prophylactic and therapeutic tools against RSV requires the unveiling of molecular mechanisms and virulence factors responsible for the pathogenesis caused by this virus. In this review, we discuss recent findings describing virulence mechanisms evolved by RSV to negatively modulate the adaptive immune response in the host. Furthermore, novel strategies aimed to induce efficient T cell immunity against RSV are reviewed.
Keywords: Dendritic cells, T cell immunity, virulence factors, immune evasion, recombinant bacteria, vaccines
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Impairment of T Cell Immunity by the Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Targeting Virulence Mechanisms for Therapy and Prophylaxis
Volume: 16 Issue: 34
Author(s): P. A. Gonzalez, S. M. Bueno, C. A. Riedel and A. M. Kalergis
Affiliation:
Keywords: Dendritic cells, T cell immunity, virulence factors, immune evasion, recombinant bacteria, vaccines
Abstract: Worldwide, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children, the elderly and immuno-compromised individuals. Moreover, RSV is the mayor cause of infant hospitalization due to lower respiratory infection, regardless socioeconomic status. Accumulating data support the notion that immune responses elicited against naturally acquired RSV infections are non-lasting and inappropriate for efficient virus clearance. Although there is consensus over the capacity of RSV to impair the development of an effective and protective adaptive immune response, very little is known about specific viral determinants involved in these processes as well as the molecular mechanisms developed by this virus to inhibit T cell function. Recent studies have provided evidence supporting an important role for dendritic cells in RSV-induced suppression of immunity. Although recognized for over 50 years as an important respiratory pathogen and healthcare problem, to date there are no available vaccines against this virus, which highlights the complexity of RSV-induced immunopathology. The development of new prophylactic and therapeutic tools against RSV requires the unveiling of molecular mechanisms and virulence factors responsible for the pathogenesis caused by this virus. In this review, we discuss recent findings describing virulence mechanisms evolved by RSV to negatively modulate the adaptive immune response in the host. Furthermore, novel strategies aimed to induce efficient T cell immunity against RSV are reviewed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gonzalez A. P., Bueno M. S., Riedel A. C. and Kalergis M. A., Impairment of T Cell Immunity by the Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Targeting Virulence Mechanisms for Therapy and Prophylaxis, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 16 (34) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709789760724
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709789760724 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Novel Synthetic Compounds as Potential Anticryptococcal Agents
Current Organic Synthesis Under the Microscope: Focus on Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection and Multiple Sclerosis
Current Neurovascular Research Mechanisms of Mononuclear Phagocyte Recruitment in Alzheimers Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets University of Kentucky Sanders-Brown Healthy Brain Aging Volunteers: Donor Characteristics, Procedures and Neuropathology
Current Alzheimer Research Current Developments in Therapeutic and Diagnostic Strategies for Q Fever: Glimpses of Patent Analysis
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Heparanase Patents: Dim Past and Bright Future
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Stem Cells as a Potential Therapeutic Option for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy CIITA and the MHCII Enhanceosome in the Regulation of MHCII Expression
Current Genomics Metal and Inflammatory Targets for Alzheimers Disease
Current Drug Targets Baculovirus as Vaccine Vectors
Current Gene Therapy Kynurenine System and Multiple Sclerosis, Pathomechanism and Drug Targets with An Emphasis on Laquinimod
Current Drug Targets Nanowired Drug Delivery of Antioxidant Compound H-290/51 Enhances Neuroprotection in Hyperthermia-Induced Neurotoxicity
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Computational Drug Repositioning by Target Hopping: A Use Case in Chagas Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Combinatorial Approaches to Iminosugars as Glycosidase and Glycosyltransferase Inhibitors
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Pre-Clinical Considerations in the Assessment of Immunogenicity for Protein Therapeutics
Current Drug Safety Biomedical Perspectives of Acute and Chronic Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of COVID-19
Current Neuropharmacology The p35 Family of Apoptosis Inhibitors
Current Genomics Human Parvovirus B19: An Infectious Agent with the Potential to Induce and Trigger Rheumatic Disease
Current Rheumatology Reviews Clinical Signs, Prevention and Treatment of Viral Infections in Infants
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Biochemistry and Biology of 2'-Fluoro-2'-Deoxythymidine (FT), A Putative Highly Selective Substrate for Thymidine Kinase Type 2 (TK2)
Current Radiopharmaceuticals