Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are important molecules produced during the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. Hcy metabolism is central to the supply of methyl groups that are essential for biological function. Hcy can be either regenerated to methionine or metabolized to cysteine, a precursor for glutathione synthesis. Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) play a crucial role in metabolizing Hcy to cysteine through the transsulfuration pathway. These two enzymes are also responsible for H2S generation through desulfuration reactions. H2S, at physiological levels serves as a gaseous mediator and has multifaceted effects. Metabolic imbalance of Hcy and H2S has been implicated in pathological conditions including oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiovascular and cerebral dysfunction, fatty liver disease and ischemiareperfusion injury. Organs such as liver, kidney, gut and pancreas contain all the enzymes that are required for Hcy metabolism. The kidney plays an important role in removing Hcy from the circulation. Hyperhomocysteinemia, a condition of elevated blood Hcy level, is a common clinical finding in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute kidney injury (AKI), the latter is often caused by ischemia-reperfusion. This paper reviews exiting literatures regarding (1) the role of kidney in regulating Hcy and H2S metabolism; (2) disruption of sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism during ischemiareperfusion; (3) impact of metabolic imbalance of Hcy and H2S on kidney function. Better understanding of molecular mechanisms that regulate Hcy and H2S metabolism under physiological and pathophysiological conditions will help improve therapeutic strategies for patients with kidney disease or other organ injuries.
Keywords: Homocysteine, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur-containing amino acid, ischemia-reperfusion, transsulfuration pathway, oxidative stress.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Metabolic Imbalance of Homocysteine and Hydrogen Sulfide in Kidney Disease
Volume: 25 Issue: 3
Author(s): Karmin O*Yaw L. Siow
Affiliation:
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg,Canada
Keywords: Homocysteine, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur-containing amino acid, ischemia-reperfusion, transsulfuration pathway, oxidative stress.
Abstract: Homocysteine (Hcy) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are important molecules produced during the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. Hcy metabolism is central to the supply of methyl groups that are essential for biological function. Hcy can be either regenerated to methionine or metabolized to cysteine, a precursor for glutathione synthesis. Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) play a crucial role in metabolizing Hcy to cysteine through the transsulfuration pathway. These two enzymes are also responsible for H2S generation through desulfuration reactions. H2S, at physiological levels serves as a gaseous mediator and has multifaceted effects. Metabolic imbalance of Hcy and H2S has been implicated in pathological conditions including oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiovascular and cerebral dysfunction, fatty liver disease and ischemiareperfusion injury. Organs such as liver, kidney, gut and pancreas contain all the enzymes that are required for Hcy metabolism. The kidney plays an important role in removing Hcy from the circulation. Hyperhomocysteinemia, a condition of elevated blood Hcy level, is a common clinical finding in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute kidney injury (AKI), the latter is often caused by ischemia-reperfusion. This paper reviews exiting literatures regarding (1) the role of kidney in regulating Hcy and H2S metabolism; (2) disruption of sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism during ischemiareperfusion; (3) impact of metabolic imbalance of Hcy and H2S on kidney function. Better understanding of molecular mechanisms that regulate Hcy and H2S metabolism under physiological and pathophysiological conditions will help improve therapeutic strategies for patients with kidney disease or other organ injuries.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
O Karmin*, Siow L. Yaw , Metabolic Imbalance of Homocysteine and Hydrogen Sulfide in Kidney Disease, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2018; 25 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170509145240
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170509145240 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
MicroRNA-mediated Regulation of Angiogenesis
Current Angiogenesis (Discontinued) SGLT-2 inhibitors in Diabetic Kidney Disease: What Lies Behind their Renoprotective Properties?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Modulation of Angiotensin II Effects, A Potential Novel Approach to Inflammatory and Immune Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Safety of Vascular Endothelial and Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene Therapy in Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia
Current Neurovascular Research Silencing of MiRNA-126 in Kidney Ischemia Reperfusion is Associated with Elevated SDF-1 Levels and Mobilization of Sca-1+/Lin- Progenitor Cells
MicroRNA PET Imaging and Coronary Circulatory Function: Non-Invasive Mechanistic Insights and Cardiovascular Prognosis
Current Cardiology Reviews Gene Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inhibition Enhances Liver Tolerance to Ischemia/Reperfusion
Current Medicinal Chemistry Novel Biomarkers for Risk Stratification and Identification of Lifethreatening Cardiovascular Disease: Troponin and Beyond
Current Cardiology Reviews The Renin Inhibitor Aliskiren as Novel Treatment for Cardiovascular Disease
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery A Novel Technology for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion Using Combination of Nanofiber and Growth Factors
Recent Patents on Nanotechnology Possible Involvement of TRP Channels in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Arrhythmia
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry The Neuropharmacology of (-)-Stepholidine and its Potential Applications
Current Neuropharmacology Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis: The Role of Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Clonidine in Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Unit: More Than An Anti-Hypertensive Drug
Current Drug Targets Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Limiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Therapy Against Reperfusion-induced Microvascular Injury
Current Pharmaceutical Design Erythropoietin Employs Cell Longevity Pathways of SIRT1 to Foster Endothelial Vascular Integrity During Oxidant Stress
Current Neurovascular Research Toll-Like Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease: A Therapeutic Perspective
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Recent Patents and Advances on Isolation and Cellular Therapy Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Umbilical Cord Whartons Jelly
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine