Abstract
The filoviruses, Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV), are among the deadliest of human pathogens, causing acute diseases typified by rapidly fatal hemorrhagic fevers. Upon filoviral infection, innate immune cells become paralyzed and lose the capacity to properly co-stimulate and activate filovirus-specific, T-cell responses. Deleterious inflammation and upregulation of co-inhibitory molecules expressed by monocytic lineage cells (e.g., dendritic cells) and their co-inhibitory receptors on T- and B-cells may lead to incomplete humoral and T-cell immunity, anergy, exhaustion, apoptosis, and subsequent immune subversion. Hence, the dysregulation of inflammatory and co-inhibitory molecules may be exploited by filoviruses to further deteriorate host immune responses, ultimately leading to fulminant infections in susceptible species. Thus, in light of accumulating scientific observations, the challenge is now to characterize the molecular mechanisms that may result in rational strategies leading to new therapeutics and vaccines.
Keywords: Filovirus, inflammation, co-inhibition, dendritic cells, programmed death, anergy
Current Molecular Medicine
Title: Potential Factors Induced by Filoviruses that Lead to Immune Supression
Volume: 9 Issue: 2
Author(s): Mansour Mohamadzadeh
Affiliation:
Keywords: Filovirus, inflammation, co-inhibition, dendritic cells, programmed death, anergy
Abstract: The filoviruses, Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV), are among the deadliest of human pathogens, causing acute diseases typified by rapidly fatal hemorrhagic fevers. Upon filoviral infection, innate immune cells become paralyzed and lose the capacity to properly co-stimulate and activate filovirus-specific, T-cell responses. Deleterious inflammation and upregulation of co-inhibitory molecules expressed by monocytic lineage cells (e.g., dendritic cells) and their co-inhibitory receptors on T- and B-cells may lead to incomplete humoral and T-cell immunity, anergy, exhaustion, apoptosis, and subsequent immune subversion. Hence, the dysregulation of inflammatory and co-inhibitory molecules may be exploited by filoviruses to further deteriorate host immune responses, ultimately leading to fulminant infections in susceptible species. Thus, in light of accumulating scientific observations, the challenge is now to characterize the molecular mechanisms that may result in rational strategies leading to new therapeutics and vaccines.
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Cite this article as:
Mohamadzadeh Mansour, Potential Factors Induced by Filoviruses that Lead to Immune Supression, Current Molecular Medicine 2009; 9 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156652409787581628
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156652409787581628 |
Print ISSN 1566-5240 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5666 |
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