Abstract
A current debate in the HIV-1 vaccine field concerns the ability of an immunodeficiency virus to elicit a protective response. One argument is that HIV-1 superinfections are frequent in healthy individuals, because virus evades conventional immune surveillance, a serious obstacle to vaccine design. The opposing argument is that protection from superinfection is significant, reflecting a robust immune response that might be harnessed by vaccination to prevent disease. In an experiment designed to address the debate, two macaques received an I.V. inoculation with SHIV KU-1-d (a derivative of SHIV KU-1) and were rested for > 10 months. Infection elicited diverse neutralizing antibody activities in both animals. Animals were then exposed to SHIV 89.6P (I.V.), a virus carrying a heterologous envelope protein relative to the vaccine strain. Infection was monitored by viral load and CD4+ T-cell measurements. All control animals were infected and most succumbed to disease. In contrast, protection from superinfection was statistically significant in test monkeys; one animal showed no evidence of superinfection at any time point and the second showed evidence of virus at only one time point over a 6-month observation period. Neither animal showed signs of disease. Perhaps this protective state may serve as a ‘gold-standard’ for HIV-1 vaccine development, as a similar degree of protection against immunodeficiency virus infections in humans would be much desired.
Keywords: Rhesus macaques, Protective immunity, SHIV, Neutralization, Vaccine
Current HIV Research
Title: SHIV Infection Protects Against Heterologous Pathogenic SHIV Challenge in Macaques: A Gold-Standard for HIV-1 Vaccine Development?
Volume: 7 Issue: 5
Author(s): Robert Sealy, Xiaoyan Zhan, Timothy D. Lockey, Louis Martin, James Blanchard, Vicki Traina-Dorge and Julia L. Hurwitz
Affiliation:
Keywords: Rhesus macaques, Protective immunity, SHIV, Neutralization, Vaccine
Abstract: A current debate in the HIV-1 vaccine field concerns the ability of an immunodeficiency virus to elicit a protective response. One argument is that HIV-1 superinfections are frequent in healthy individuals, because virus evades conventional immune surveillance, a serious obstacle to vaccine design. The opposing argument is that protection from superinfection is significant, reflecting a robust immune response that might be harnessed by vaccination to prevent disease. In an experiment designed to address the debate, two macaques received an I.V. inoculation with SHIV KU-1-d (a derivative of SHIV KU-1) and were rested for > 10 months. Infection elicited diverse neutralizing antibody activities in both animals. Animals were then exposed to SHIV 89.6P (I.V.), a virus carrying a heterologous envelope protein relative to the vaccine strain. Infection was monitored by viral load and CD4+ T-cell measurements. All control animals were infected and most succumbed to disease. In contrast, protection from superinfection was statistically significant in test monkeys; one animal showed no evidence of superinfection at any time point and the second showed evidence of virus at only one time point over a 6-month observation period. Neither animal showed signs of disease. Perhaps this protective state may serve as a ‘gold-standard’ for HIV-1 vaccine development, as a similar degree of protection against immunodeficiency virus infections in humans would be much desired.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Sealy Robert, Zhan Xiaoyan, Lockey D. Timothy, Martin Louis, Blanchard James, Traina-Dorge Vicki and Hurwitz L. Julia, SHIV Infection Protects Against Heterologous Pathogenic SHIV Challenge in Macaques: A Gold-Standard for HIV-1 Vaccine Development?, Current HIV Research 2009; 7 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016209789346255
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016209789346255 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Management of HIV: Management of HIV: old challenges and new needs
The aim of this thematic issue is to provide the most recent updates regarding the effective management of HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly decreased HIV-related mortality, leading to an enhancement in the quality of life and life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite the numerous advancements ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
High Survivin Expression in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): A Potential Therapeutic Target
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews The Role of Neopterin in Atherogenesis and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment
Current Medicinal Chemistry Interventional Radiology Procedures: Current Issues in Patient Doses and Image Quality Optimization
Current Medical Imaging Hydrogen Peroxide and Quercetin Induced Changes on Cell Viability, Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells
Current Nutraceuticals Advances of Inorganic Materials in the Detection and Therapeutic Uses against Coronaviruses
Current Medicinal Chemistry Point of NO Return for Nitrergic Nerves in Diabetes: A New Insight into Diabetic Complications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Quantum Dot Nanocrystals and Supramolecular Lanthanide Complexes -Energy Transfer Systems for Sensitive In Vitro Diagnostics and High Throughput Screening in Chemical Biology
Current Chemical Biology Grafting Technique with Special Emphasis on Natural Gums: Applications and Perspectives in Drug Delivery
The Natural Products Journal Ubiquitin Carboxyl Hydrolase L1 Significance for Human Diseases
Protein & Peptide Letters Cancer Stem Cells: A New Paradigm for Understanding Tumor Growth and Progression and Drug Resistance
Current Medicinal Chemistry Modified Polysaccharides as Carriers for Biomolecules
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology The Contribution of Dopamine to the Implementation of Reward Value During the Control of Action
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Methods for Evaluating Sensory, Affective and Cognitive Disorders in Neuropathic Rodents
Current Neuropharmacology Voltammetric Determination of Ophthalmic Drug Dexamethasone Using Poly-glycine Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Paste Electrode
Current Analytical Chemistry Trends and Applications of Brain Computer Interfaces
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) is a Cornucopia of Health: A Review of its Credited Antidiabetic, Anti-HIV, and Antitumor Properties
Current Molecular Medicine Luteolin, a Flavonoid with Potential for Cancer Prevention and Therapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Chemistry of Natural Retinoids and Carotenoids: Challenges for the Future
Current Organic Synthesis Pyrimidine Nucleosides in Molecular PET Imaging of Tumor Proliferation
Current Medicinal Chemistry Anti-VEGF Therapy for Retinal Vein Occlusions
Current Drug Targets