Abstract
Viral diversity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV disease. However, within an individual, HIV can vary substantially from one tissue or cell type to another, thereby creating viral compartments. HIV compartmentalization has been well documented in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and genital tract, although there are also data for viral compartmentalization within the gut, lung, liver, kidney, and breast milk. The precise mechanisms that lead to the development of HIV compartmentalization have not been adequately examined but likely include differential immune selection pressures, cell type-specific differences in replication or gene expression, local concentrations of antiviral drugs and/or drug resistance, and co-infections that alter the cellular microenvironment. Identifying and characterizing distinct viral sub-populations enhances our overall understanding of HIV pathogenesis and could ultimately result in the development of novel strategies to impair the ability of these viruses to adapt to and/or infect a given cell/tissue type.
Keywords: Compartment, diversity, reservoir, variability
Current HIV Research
Title:HIV Compartmentalization: A Review on a Clinically Important Phenomenon
Volume: 10 Issue: 2
Author(s): Jason T. Blackard
Affiliation:
Keywords: Compartment, diversity, reservoir, variability
Abstract: Viral diversity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV disease. However, within an individual, HIV can vary substantially from one tissue or cell type to another, thereby creating viral compartments. HIV compartmentalization has been well documented in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and genital tract, although there are also data for viral compartmentalization within the gut, lung, liver, kidney, and breast milk. The precise mechanisms that lead to the development of HIV compartmentalization have not been adequately examined but likely include differential immune selection pressures, cell type-specific differences in replication or gene expression, local concentrations of antiviral drugs and/or drug resistance, and co-infections that alter the cellular microenvironment. Identifying and characterizing distinct viral sub-populations enhances our overall understanding of HIV pathogenesis and could ultimately result in the development of novel strategies to impair the ability of these viruses to adapt to and/or infect a given cell/tissue type.
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Cite this article as:
T. Blackard Jason, HIV Compartmentalization: A Review on a Clinically Important Phenomenon, Current HIV Research 2012; 10 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016212799937245
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016212799937245 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
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The aim of this thematic issue is to provide the most recent updates regarding the effective management of HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly decreased HIV-related mortality, leading to an enhancement in the quality of life and life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite the numerous advancements ...read more
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