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Evaluation and Correlation of Multiple Anthelmintic Resistances to Gastrointestinal Nematodes Using Different Fecal Egg Count Reduction Methods in Small Ruminants of Punjab, India

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Abstract

Purpose

Concordance of multiple anthelmintic resistances for gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants by three average-based and two individually based fecal egg count reduction (FECR) tests was evaluated and corrected.

Methods

Sheep and goats (≥ 8 weeks) from five farms were randomly assigned to three treatment groups (I, II, III; n = 10 per group) and one untreated control group (Group IV; n = 10). Group I received fenbendazole at the dose rate of 5 and 10 mg/kg, Group II received ivermectin at the dose rate of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg, and Group III received levamisole at the dose rate of 8 and 12 mg/kg body weight orally for sheep and goat, respectively. Three average-based methods of FECR (FECR1, FECR2 and FECR3) and two individually based methods of FECR (iFECR1 and iFECR2) were evaluated.

Results

For fenbendazole resistance, Spearman correlation coefficient for FECR1 was non-significant with other formulae, but for FECR2 with FECR3, FECR3 with iFECR1 and iFECR1 with iFECR2 coincidence was significant at 1%, while for FECR2 with iFECR2 and FECR3 with iFECR2 it was significant at 5%. Spearman correlation coefficients for ivermectin resistance were significant at 1% level and for levamisole it showed significant coincidence at 1% for FECR1 with FECR2 and iFECR1, FECR2 with FECR3 and iFECR1, and iFECR1 with iFECR2, while for FECR1 with FECR3 and iFECR2 coincidence was significant at 5% level. Concordance of kappa values indicated that the coincidence of the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance (95% CI) among the five farms was non-significant.

Conclusions

Concordance between the standard average-based FECR and individually based methods suggests that either method could be applied to small ruminant farms.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to the authorities of GADVASU, Ludhiana for providing funds under RKVY-7 D-I project. “Epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in relation to anthelmintic resistance in sheep and goat in Punjab state” to carry out the research work. Thanks are due to Dr. Kiran Malhotra, Associate Professor English, for checking the manuscript to improve the quality of English language.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Firozpur Road, Near Verka Milk Plant, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India

    Prashant Pawar, Lachhman Das Singla & Paramjit Kaur

  2. Animal Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Science Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Firozpur Road, Near Verka Milk Plant, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India

    Mandeep Singh Bal

  3. Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India

    Mohamad Javed

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  1. Prashant Pawar
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  2. Lachhman Das Singla
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Correspondence to Prashant Pawar or Lachhman Das Singla.

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Pawar, P., Das Singla, L., Kaur, P. et al. Evaluation and Correlation of Multiple Anthelmintic Resistances to Gastrointestinal Nematodes Using Different Fecal Egg Count Reduction Methods in Small Ruminants of Punjab, India. Acta Parasit. 64, 456–463 (2019). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-019-00083-3

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