Preliminary Results of an Ongoing Prospective Clinical Trial on the Use of 68Ga-PSMA and 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI in Staging of High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. 68Ga-PSMA PET/MRI Acquisition Protocol
- an axial T2 weighted sequence with large field of view (FOV): FSE, TR = 10235 ms; TE = 99.7 ms, FOV = 32 × 32 cm2; voxel size = 0.9 × 0.9 × 5 mm3;
- an axial T2 weighted sequence with small FOV: PROPELLER, TR = 9578 ms, TE = 151 ms, FOV = 18 × 18 cm2, voxel size = 0.6 × 0.6 × 3 mm3,
- a coronal T2 weighted sequence with small FOV: PROPELLER, TR = 9578 ms, TE = 151 ms, FOV = 18 × 18 cm2, voxel size= 0.6 × 0.6 × 3 mm3,
- a diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) sequence with small FOV: TR = 6643 ms, TR = 79.5 ms, FOV = 18 × 9 cm2, voxel size = 1.8 × 1.8 × 3 mm3; b = 50, 800, 1400 s/mm2
- T1-Lava Flex sequence of the whole pelvic region pre-contrast and post-contrast: TR = 5 ms, TE = 1.7 ms, FOV: 44 × 35.2 cm2, voxel size = 1.3 × 1.2 × 2 mm3
- a high temporal resolution T1 perfusion sequence after IV injection of 0.1 mmol/kg bolus of gadobutrol (Gadovist, Bayer Schering Pharma, Germany) at a flow rate of 3.5 mL/s: DISCO, TR = 5.1 ms, TE = 1.7 ms, FOV = 29 × 29 cm2, Voxel size = 1.9 × 2.2 × 3 mm3, 88 dynamics.
2.3. The 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI Acquisition Protocol
2.4. PET/MR Image Analysis
2.5. Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison of 68Ga-PSMA, 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 and MRI
2.6. Correlations between PET Semi-Quantitative and MRI Quantitative Imaging Parameters
3. Results
3.1. Patients
3.2. PET/MRI Findings
3.3. Comparisons between 68Ga-PSMA PET, 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET and MRI and Validation with Histology
3.4. Correlations between PET Semi-Quantitative and MRI Quantitative Imaging Parameters
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n. | Age | PSA Level at Diagnosis (ng/mL) | GS on Biopsy | ISUP Grade on Biopsy | Clinical T Stage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 71 | 5.04 | 7 (4 + 3) | 3 | T2c |
2 | 80 | 11.13 | 8 (3 + 5) | 4 | T1 |
3 | 74 | 4.73 | 9 (4 + 5) | 5 | T2a |
4 | 71 | 5.80 | 7 (4 + 3) | 3 | T2c |
5 | 69 | 3.03 | 9 (5 + 4) | 5 | T1 |
6 | 59 | 11.00 | 9 (4 + 5) | 5 | T3b |
7 | 75 | 5.33 | 8 (4 + 4) | 5 | T2a |
8 | 62 | 3.85 | 8 (4 + 4) | 4 | T1 |
9 | 74 | 6.37 | 9 (5 + 4) | 5 | T2a |
10 | 53 | 3.13 | 9 (4 + 5) | 5 | T2b |
11 | 69 | 5.31 | 9 (5 + 4) | 5 | T2c |
12 | 74 | 5.03 | 8 (4 + 4) | 4 | T2a |
13 | 64 | 4.40 | 8 (4 + 4) | 4 | T1 |
14 | 52 | 8.04 | 8 (4 + 4) | 4 | T2a |
15 | 66 | 6.37 | 9 (4 + 5) | 5 | T2a |
16 | 66 | 2.43 | 9 (4 + 5) | 5 | T3b |
17 | 55 | 2.69 | 9 (5 + 4) | 5 | T2c |
18 | 55 | 5.24 | 9 (4 + 5) | 5 | T2c |
19 | 76 | 8.19 | 9 (4 + 5) | 5 | T2a |
20 | 54 | 26.17 | 8 (4 + 4) | 4 | T1 |
21 | 60 | 16.34 | 9 (4 + 5) | 5 | T2a |
22 | 57 | 9.49 | 8 (4 + 4) | 4 | T1 |
n. | Histological Specimen | 68Ga-PSMA | 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 | MRI | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T | N | M | T | N | M | T | N | M | T | N | M | |
1 | Prostate (bilateral), ECE, left SVI | Left external iliac LN | NA | Prostate (bilateral) | Left external iliac, left Perivescical fat | Negative | Prostate (bilateral) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (bilateral) | Left external iliac | Negative |
2 | Prostate (bilateral), ECE | Negative | NA | Prostate (bilateral) | Negative | Right iliac bone | Prostate (bilateral) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (bilateral) | Negative | Negative |
3 | NA | NA | NA | Prostate (multiple bilateral focal uptake), SVI | Left external iliac, bilateral perirectal, presacral | Negative | Prostate (bilateral) | left iliac, left perirectal | Negative | Prostate (bilateral), SVI, ECE | Left external iliac, left pararectal, | Negative |
4 | Prostate (bilateral, right dominant nodule) | Negative | NA | Prostate (right) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (right) | hilomediastinic | Negative | Prostate (right, multiple foci) | Negative | Negative |
5 | NA | NA | NA | Prostate (bilateral) | Left perivescical, bilateral obturator, left external iliac | Negative | Prostate (bilateral) | Left external iliac, left obturator | Negative | Prostate (bilateral), SVI, ECE | left obturator, right obturator, external bilateral iliac | Negative |
6 | NA | NA | NA | Prostate (left) | Left perirectal | Right ribs, left sacral ala | Prostate (left) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (left), ECE | Negative | Right ribs, left sacral ala |
7 | Prostate (right) | Negative | NA | Prostate (right) | Bilateral external iliac, right common iliac | Negative | Prostate (right) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (right) | Bilateral iliac | Negative |
8 | Prostate (bilateral, right dominant nodule), ECE | Negative | NA | Prostate (right) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (right) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (right), ECE | Negative | Negative |
9 | Prostate (bilateral, left dominant nodule) | Negative | NA | Prostate (left) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (left) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (left) | Negative | Negative |
10 | Prostate (right) | Negative | NA | Prostate (right) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (right) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (right), ECE | Negative | Negative |
11 | Prostate (bilateral, left dominant nodule) | Negative | NA | Prostate (left) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (left) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (left), ECE | Negative | Negative |
12 | Prostate (bilateral, left dominant nodule), ECE | Negative | NA | Prostate (left) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (left) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (left), ECE | Negative | Negative |
13 | Prostate (bilateral, right dominant nodule), ECE, SVI | Left common iliac LN | NA | Prostate (right) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (right) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (right, bifocal) | Negative | negative |
14 | NA | NA | NA | Prostate (left) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (left) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (left), ECE | Negative | Negative |
15 | Prostate (bilateral, right dominant nodule), ECE | Negative | NA | Prostate (left) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (right) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (right) | Negative | Negative |
16 | NA | NA | NA | Prostate (left) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (right and left) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (right and left), ECE, SVI | Negative | Negative |
17 | Prostate (bilateral, right dominant nodule), ECE | Negative | NA | Prostate (right) | External iliac | Negative | Prostate (right) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (right) | Negative | Negative |
18 | NA | NA | NA | Prostate (right) | Left supraclavicular, subcarinal, lomboaortic, paracaval, interaortocaval, bilateral iliac, mesorectal | C3, right iliac ala, left posterior iliac crest | Negative | Left retroclavear, lomboaortic, bilateral iliac | Negative | Prostate (left and right), ECE, SVI | Pelvic, left external iliac | Negative |
19 | NA | NA | NA | Prostate (apex left paramedian) | Negative | Negative | NA | NA | NA | Prostate (apex left paramedian) | Negative | Negative |
20 | NA | NA | NA | Prostate (right and left), SVI | Negative | Negative | NA | NA | NA | Prostate (right and left), SVI | Negative | Negative |
21 | NA | NA | NA | Prostate (right) | Negative | Negative | NA | NA | NA | Prostate (right), SVI | Negative | Negative |
22 | NA | NA | NA | Prostate (multiple bilateral focal uptake) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (multiple bilateral focal uptake) | Negative | Negative | Prostate (bilateral), SVI | Negative | Negative |
n. | SUV Max | SUV Mean40 | SUV Mean50 | SUV Mean60 | MTV 40 (cm3) | MTV 50 (cm3) | MTV 60 (cm3) | Volume (cm3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 16.71 | 9.08 | 10.36 | 13.67 | 1.74 | 0.842 | 0.163 | 4.83 |
2 | 37.04 | 23.12 | 25.31 | 28.96 | 0.19 | 0.136 | 0.081 | 3.95 |
3 | 20.19 | 14.55 | 14.86 | 16.04 | 1.95 | 1.85 | 1.38 | 31.16 |
4 | 4.08 | 3.02 | 3.04 | 3.18 | 3.39 | 3.34 | 2.85 | 1.61 |
5 | 43.44 | 25.92 | 28.01 | 30.76 | 0.95 | 0.706 | 0.434 | 6.49 |
6 | 35.32 | 21.87 | 24.21 | 25.93 | 5.29 | 3.83 | 2.77 | 10.19 |
7 | 12.97 | 7.22 | 8.04 | 8.92 | 1.57 | 1.03 | 0.57 | 4.91 |
8 | 21.78 | 13.39 | 14.65 | 17 | 1.06 | 0.787 | 0.434 | 2.69 |
9 | 29.47 | 17.58 | 20.14 | 22.82 | 1.33 | 0.842 | 0.516 | 3.82 |
10 | 19.38 | 11.35 | 13.03 | 14.17 | 1.85 | 1.11 | 0.76 | 5.58 |
11 | 16.23 | 9.82 | 10.62 | 11.97 | 2.36 | 1.76 | 1 | 3.62 |
12 | 40.08 | 24.4 | 27.53 | 29.8 | 0.597 | 0.407 | 0.299 | 2.60 |
13 | 21.26 | 14.13 | 14.83 | 16.22 | 0.407 | 0.353 | 0.244 | 1.33 |
14 | 8.64 | 5.1 | 5.77 | 6.32 | 2.33 | 1.49 | 0.977 | 1.19 |
15 | 7.18 | 4.03 | 4.57 | 5.11 | 2.47 | 1.47 | 0.814 | 1.98 |
16 | 4.75 | 3.31 | 3.38 | 3.59 | 2.04 | 1.93 | 1.52 | 0.78 |
17 | 14.52 | 8.52 | 9.62 | 11.26 | 1.68 | 1.11 | 0.543 | 2.12 |
18 | 8.41 | 4.8 | 5.42 | 5.94 | 15.53 | 9.77 | 5.97 | 7.65 |
19 | 40.93 | 24.88 | 28.28 | 32.31 | 0.652 | 0.434 | 0.271 | 3.73 |
20 | 60.97 | 35.58 | 40.58 | 44.81 | 4.1 | 2.55 | 1.57 | 8.54 |
21 | 73.92 | 43.85 | 50.37 | 54.61 | 1.06 | 0.679 | 0.462 | 4.20 |
22 | 38.15 | 21.82 | 24.99 | 28.1 | 3.53 | 2.12 | 1.22 | 11.55 |
Mean | 26.16 | 15.79 | 17.62 | 19.61 | 2.55 | 1.75 | 1.13 | 5.66 |
Range | 4.08–73.92 | 3.02–43.85 | 3.04–50.37 | 3.18–54.61 | 0.19–15.53 | 0.136–9.77 | 0.081–5.97 | 0.78–31.16 |
n. | SUV Max | SUV Mean40 | SUV Mean50 | SUV Mean60 | MTV 40 (cm3) | MTV 50 (cm3) | MTV 60 (cm3) | Volume (cm3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 21.2 | 12.63 | 14.29 | 15.41 | 2.09 | 1.38 | 0.977 | 5.47 |
2 | 15.91 | 8.86 | 10.18 | 11.9 | 1.52 | 0.869 | 0.407 | 2.00 |
3 | 13.75 | 7.47 | 8.78 | 10.12 | 1.19 | 0.624 | 0.326 | 2.05 |
4 | 12.48 | 7.09 | 8.36 | 8.97 | 4.02 | 2.25 | 1.6 | 4.45 |
5 | 24.3 | 15.88 | 17.59 | 18.51 | 5.24 | 3.96 | 3.26 | 4.57 |
6 | 11.66 | 7.92 | 8.64 | 9.08 | 7.09 | 5.62 | 4.7 | 3.35 |
7 | 24.55 | 15.51 | 17.67 | 18.8 | 0.787 | 0.543 | 0.434 | 4.48 |
8 | 22.94 | 17.13 | 17.44 | 17.96 | 1.22 | 1.17 | 1.06 | 1.36 |
9 | 9.91 | 5.45 | 6.61 | 7.31 | 4.34 | 2.06 | 1.33 | 1.94 |
10 | 30.93 | 20.33 | 22.62 | 23.55 | 1.9 | 1.38 | 1.17 | 7.43 |
11 | 17.68 | 10.01 | 11.79 | 13.39 | 4.89 | 2.71 | 1.52 | 6.69 |
12 | 4.22 | 2.88 | 2.99 | 3.09 | 4.86 | 4.29 | 3.75 | 2.21 |
13 | 12.97 | 7.58 | 8.71 | 9.4 | 0.597 | 0.353 | 0.244 | 1.75 |
14 | 5.74 | 4.62 | 4.63 | 4.69 | 4.75 | 4.72 | 4.53 | 1.59 |
15 | 10.67 | 6.8 | 7.08 | 7.7 | 4.67 | 4.05 | 2.63 | 3.38 |
16 | 16.53 | 10.98 | 12.33 | 13.3 | 1.79 | 1.3 | 1 | 0.58 |
17 | 10 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.85 | 2.04 | 2.04 | 1.98 | 1.61 |
18 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
19 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
20 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
21 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
22 | 23.7 | 14.56 | 15.86 | 17.31 | 3.15 | 2.39 | 1.57 | 3.69 |
Mean | 15.40 | 9.86 | 10.90 | 11.69 | 3.13 | 2.37 | 1.88 | 3.26 |
Range | 3.39–30.93 | 2.88–20.33 | 2.99–22.62 | 3.09–23.35 | 0.60–7.09 | 0.35–5.62 | 0.24–4.70 | 0.58–7.43 |
n. | ADC Min (10−3 mm2/s) | ADC Mean (10−3 mm2/s) | Volume (cm3) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 3.36 |
2 | 0.4 | 0.78 | 1.80 |
3 | 0.49 | 0.86 | 30.66 |
4 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.51 |
5 | 0.44 | 0.82 | 7.95 |
6 | 0.33 | 0.78 | 7.78 |
7 | 0.5 | 0.65 | 1.12 |
8 | 0.56 | 0.78 | 0.80 |
9 | 0.2 | 0.69 | 2.50 |
10 | 0.61 | 0.83 | 3.38 |
11 | 0.61 | 0.99 | 3.31 |
12 | 0.68 | 0.95 | 1.15 |
13 | 0.34 | 0.66 | 0.49 |
14 | 0.5 | 0.85 | 1.86 |
15 | 0.67 | 1 | 1.01 |
16 | 0.64 | 0.80 | 6.94 |
17 | 0.74 | 0.82 | 0.98 |
18 | 0.61 | 0.83 | 7.53 |
19 | 0.78 | 0.90 | 1.16 |
20 | 0.48 | 0.82 | 4.38 |
21 | 0.72 | 0.83 | 1.92 |
22 | 0.73 | 0.86 | 4.47 |
Mean | 0.54 | 0.84 | 4.32 |
Range | 0.2–0.78 | 0.65–1.1 | 0.49–30.66 |
n. | 68Ga-PSMA vs. MRI | 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 vs. MRI | 68Ga-PSMA vs. 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.7151 | 0.5189 | 0.6521 |
2 | LNI | 0.6052 | LNI |
3 | 0.7684 | 0.0859 | 0.1188 |
4 | 0.0000 | 0.0728 | 0.1524 |
5 | 0.7354 | 0.3723 | 0.4544 |
6 | 0.7907 | 0.5872 | 0.4856 |
7 | 0.3697 | 0.3529 | 0.5571 |
8 | 0.4178 | 0.4331 | 0.5981 |
9 | 0.7581 | 0.7220 | 0.6019 |
10 | 0.7057 | 0.5761 | 0.7174 |
11 | 0.7810 | 0.6259 | 0.6828 |
12 | 0.6056 | 0.4023 | 0.5357 |
13 | 0.5013 | 0.2749 | 0.3654 |
14 | 0.6162 | 0.2216 | 0.2918 |
15 | LNI | LNI | 0.2157 |
16 | 0 | 0.0971 | 0.0514 |
17 | 0.6062 | 0.1040 | 0.1461 |
18 | 0.0671 | LNI | LNI |
19 | 0.4751 | NA | NA |
20 | 0.5526 | NA | NA |
21 | 0.5769 | NA | NA |
22 | 0.0997 | 0.3667 | 0.3667 |
Mean | 0.5071 | 0.3560 | 0.4114 |
SD | 0.2677 | 0.2292 | 0.2292 |
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Mapelli, P.; Ghezzo, S.; Samanes Gajate, A.M.; Preza, E.; Brembilla, G.; Cucchiara, V.; Ahmed, N.; Bezzi, C.; Presotto, L.; Bettinardi, V.; et al. Preliminary Results of an Ongoing Prospective Clinical Trial on the Use of 68Ga-PSMA and 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI in Staging of High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 2068. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112068
Mapelli P, Ghezzo S, Samanes Gajate AM, Preza E, Brembilla G, Cucchiara V, Ahmed N, Bezzi C, Presotto L, Bettinardi V, et al. Preliminary Results of an Ongoing Prospective Clinical Trial on the Use of 68Ga-PSMA and 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI in Staging of High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(11):2068. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112068
Chicago/Turabian StyleMapelli, Paola, Samuele Ghezzo, Ana Maria Samanes Gajate, Erik Preza, Giorgio Brembilla, Vito Cucchiara, Naghia Ahmed, Carolina Bezzi, Luca Presotto, Valentino Bettinardi, and et al. 2021. "Preliminary Results of an Ongoing Prospective Clinical Trial on the Use of 68Ga-PSMA and 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI in Staging of High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients" Diagnostics 11, no. 11: 2068. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112068