Open Access, Peer-reviewed
eISSN 2093-758X
    J Korean Acad Nurs. 2014 Oct;44(5):504-514. Korean.
    Published online Oct 31, 2014.
    https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.504
    © 2014 Korean Society of Nursing Science
    Original Article

    Bone Mineral Density, Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers and Factors associated with Bone Health in Young Korean Women

    Young-Joo Park,1 Sook Ja Lee,1 Nah-Mee Shin,1 Hyunjeong Shin,1 Yoo-Kyung Kim,2 Yunjung Cho,3 Songi Jeon,4 and Inhae Cho4
      • 1College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
      • 2Department of Home Economics Education, College of Education, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
      • 3Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
      • 4Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
    • Address reprint requests to: Jeon, Songi. College of Nursing, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea. Tel: +82-2-3290-4906, Fax: +82-2-927-4676, Email: j50792@korea.ac.kr
    Received April 17, 2014; Revised May 02, 2014; Accepted August 18, 2014.

    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

    Abstract

    Purpose

    This study was done to assess the bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical bone turnover markers (BTMs), and factors associated with bone health in young Korean women.

    Methods

    Participants were 1,298 women, ages 18-29, recruited in Korea. Measurements were BMD by calcaneus quantitative ultrasound, BTMs for Calcium, Phosphorus, Osteocalcin, and C-telopeptide cross-links (CTX), body composition by physical measurements, nutrients by food frequency questionnaire and psychosocial factors associated with bone health by self-report.

    Results

    The mean BMD (Z-score) was -0.94. 8.7% women had lower BMD (Z-score≤-2) and 14.3% women had higher BMD (Z-score≥0) than women of same age. BTMs were not significantly different between high-BMD (Z-score≥0) and low-BMD (Z-score<0) women. However, Osteocalcin and CTX were higher in women preferring caffeine intake, sedentary lifestyle and alcoholic drinks. Body composition and Calcium intake were significantly higher in high-BMD. Low-BMD women reported significantly higher susceptibility and barriers to exercise in health beliefs, lower bone health self-efficacy and promoting behaviors.

    Conclusion

    Results of this study indicate that bone health of young Korean women is not good. Development of diverse strategies to intervene in factors such as exercise, nutrients, self-efficacy, health beliefs and behaviors, shown to be important, are needed to improve bone health.

    Keywords
    Bone density; Biochemical markers; Body composition; Nutrients; Women

    Tables

    Table 1
    Demographic Characteristics and Bone Mineral Density of Young Korean Women (N=1,298)

    Table 2
    Body Composition and Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers by Bone Mineral Density of Young Korean Women (N=1,298)

    Table 3
    Mean Difference of Bone Health Knowledge, Health Beliefs and Bone Health Promoting Behavior according to Bone Mineral Density (N=1,298)

    Table 4
    Health Habits, Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover Markers of Young Korean Women (N=1,298)

    Table 5
    Energy and Nutrients Intake according to Bone Mineral Density of Young Korean Women (N=1,157)

    Notes

    This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (No. NRF-2012R1A1A3013540).

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    MeSH Terms
    Adolescent
    Alcohol Drinking
    Asians
    Biological Markers/metabolism*
    Body Composition
    Bone Density
    Bone and Bones/metabolism*
    Bone and Bones/radiography
    Bone and Bones/ultrasonography
    Calcium/metabolism
    Collagen Type I/metabolism
    Female
    Health Promotion
    Humans
    Knowledge
    Life Style
    Osteocalcin/metabolism
    Peptides/metabolism
    Phosphorus/metabolism
    Republic of Korea
    Self Efficacy
    Women/psychology*
    Young Adult
    Metrics
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