Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of an Inverted Pyloric Gland Adenoma Using Dental Floss and Clip Traction

Gwang Ha Kim; Moon Won Lee; Bong Eun Lee; Do Youn Park

doi:10.5946/ce.2020.164

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Brief Report Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of an Inverted Pyloric Gland Adenoma Using Dental Floss and Clip Traction: Gwang Ha Kim^1,, Moon Won Lee¹, Bong Eun Lee¹, Do Youn Park²; Clinical Endoscopy 2021;54(6):935-936.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.164
Published online: August 31, 2020

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea

²St. Mary Pathology Laboratory, Busan, Korea

Correspondence: Gwang Ha Kim Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, Korea Tel: +82-51-240-7869, Fax: +82-51-244-8180, E-mail: doc0224@pusan.ac.kr

• Received: June 15, 2020 • Revised: June 29, 2020 • Accepted: July 12, 2020

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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A gastric adenoma with low-grade dysplasia was incidentally detected during screening endoscopy in a 52-year-old woman. The endoscopy revealed a reddish elevated lesion with a diameter of 1.5 cm and an opening on the greater curvature of the upper body (Fig. 1A). Endoscopic ultrasonography of the lesion revealed a downward papillary growth into an anechoic cystic space of approximately 2 cm in size in the deep mucosal and submucosal layers (Fig. 1B). Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed for complete removal of the adenoma and accompanying cystic lesion (Supplementary Video 1).

After the borders of the tumor were marked, a 0.9% saline solution with indigo carmine and epinephrine was injected in the submucosal layer. Circumferential mucosal incision and submucosal dissection were then performed using a dual knife and an insulated-tipped knife. During dissection, a clip attached with dental floss was used to secure the dissection plane between the tumor and the proper muscle layer (Fig. 1C). The tumor was then completely resected (Fig. 1D).

Histopathological examination revealed that the cystic invagination of the mucosal lesion was composed of neoplastic glands with high-grade dysplasia. Most of the glandular cells had round nuclei with prominent nucleoli and mucinous columnar cytoplasm that resemble the pyloric glandular epithelium (Fig. 2). Therefore, the lesion was diagnosed as an inverted pyloric gland adenoma with high-grade dysplasia.

Pyloric gland adenoma is a rare neoplasm, and the histological resemblance of the tumor to the deep glands of the gastric mucosa near the pylorus is reflected in its name [1]. It occurs more frequently in women and in the elderly. As adenocarcinoma is detected in approximately 30% of pyloric gland adenomas [2], they are considered precancerous lesions, and endoscopic removal is indicated [3]. As described in our report, ESD using dental floss and clip traction seems to be an efficient and safe technique for inverted pyloric gland adenomas, especially when the tumor is located in the greater curvature of the upper or middle stomach [4].

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Conflicts of Interest

The authors have no potential conflicts of interest.

Funding

None.

Supplementary Material

Video 1. Endoscopic submucosal dissection of an inverted pyloric gland adenoma (https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2020.164.v001).

Fig. 1.

(A) A reddish elevated lesion with a diameter of 1.5 cm and an opening on the greater curvature of the gastric upper body. (B) Endoscopic ultrasonography of the lesion showing a downward papillary growth into an anechoic cystic space of approximately 2 cm in size in the deep mucosal and submucosal layers. (C) During endoscopic submucosal dissection, the dissection plane is secured between the tumor and the proper muscle layer using a clip attached with dental floss. (D) The resected specimen.

Fig. 2.

(A) Histopathological examination showing that the cystic invagination of the mucosal lesion is composed of neoplastic glands with high-grade dysplasia (hematoxylin and eosin stain ×12.5). (B) Most of the glandular cells have round nuclei with prominent nucleoli and mucinous columnar cytoplasm that resemble the pyloric glandular epithelium (hematoxylin and eosin stain ×200).

REFERENCES

1. Golger D, Probst A, Wagner T, Messmann H. Pyloric-gland adenoma of the stomach: case report of a rare tumor successfully treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection. Endoscopy 2008;40(Suppl 2):E110–E111.Article PubMed PDF
2. Oberhuber G, Stolte M. Gastric polyps: an update of their pathology and biological significance. Virchows Arch 2000;437:581–590.Article PubMed PDF
3. Yamamoto M, Nishida T, Nakamatsu D, Adachi S, Inada M. Endoscopic findings of inverted pyloric gland adenoma resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2018;27:361.Article PubMed
4. Yoshida M, Takizawa K, Suzuki S, et al. Conventional versus traction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric neoplasms: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2018;87:1231–1240.Article PubMed

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