Skip to main content

Tissue-Specific KO of ECM Proteins

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Extracellular Matrix Protocols

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 522))

Summary

Nearly 20 years after its first description, gene targeting and generation of transgenic mice by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells still are cutting edge tools for the postgenomic era. Understanding the function of the large number of genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins and their cellular receptors appears a daunting task that can very much profit from a genetic approach. The generation of new mutant alleles remains essential to define the different biochemical properties of such proteins. While in the past, gene targeting represented a complex procedure, restricted to few laboratories, recent breakthroughs, such as the publication of the mouse genome sequence and the perfection of recombineering techniques in bacteria, made generation of transgenic mice faster and easier. This chapter will thus focus on the recent advances in gene-targeting technology with a special eye on the study of genes involved in cell adhesion and migration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. EvansMJ, KaufmanMH. (1981)Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. Nature; 292:154–156

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. MartinGR. (1981)Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A; 78:7634–7638

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. SmithiesO, GreggRG, BoggsSS, KoralewskiMA, KucherlapatiRS. (1985)Insertion of DNA sequences into the human chromosomal beta-globin locus by homologous recombination. Nature; 317:230–234

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. ThomasKR, CapecchiMR. (1987)Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells. Cell; 51:503–512

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. GuH, MarthJD, OrbanPC, MossmannH, RajewskyK. (1994)Deletion of a DNA polymerase beta gene segment in T cells using cell type-specific gene targeting. Science; 265:103–106

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. BaudoinC, GoumansMJ, MummeryC, SonnenbergA. (1998)Knockout and knockin of the beta1 exon D define distinct roles for integrin splice variants in heart function and embryonic development. Genes Dev; 12:1202–1216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. NagyA, MoensC, IvanyiE, (1998) Dissecting the role of N-myc in development using a single targeting vector to generate a series of alleles. Curr Biol; 8:661–664

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. KuhnR, SchwenkF, AguetM, RajewskyK. (1995)Inducible gene targeting in mice. Science; 269:1427–1429

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. DymeckiSM. (1996)Flp recombinase promotes site-specific DNA recombination in embryonic stem cells and transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; 93:6191–6196

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. KilbyNJ, SnaithMR, MurrayJA. (1993)Site-specific recombinases: tools for genome engineering. Trends Genet; 9:413–421

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. RajewskyK, GuH, KuhnR, (1996) Conditional gene targeting. J Clin Invest; 98:600–603

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. AkagiK, SandigV, VooijsM, (1997) Cre-mediated somatic site-specific recombination in mice. Nucleic Acids Res; 25:1766–1773

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. BetzUA, VosshenrichCA, RajewskyK, MullerW. (1996)Bypass of lethality with mosaic mice generated by Cre-loxP-mediated recombination. Curr Biol; 6:1307–1316

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. AszodiA, LegateKR, NakchbandiI, FasslerR. (2006)What mouse mutants teach us about extracellular matrix function. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol; 22:591–621

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Morrison-GrahamK, WestonJA. (1989)Mouse mutants provide new insights into the role of extracellular matrix in cell migration and differentiation. Trends Genet; 5:116–121

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. AszodiA, PfeiferA, WendelM, HiripiL, FasslerR. (1998)Mouse models for extracellular matrix diseases. J Mol Med; 76:238–252

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. FasslerR, SchnegelsbergPN, DausmanJ, (1994) Mice lacking alpha 1 (IX) collagen develop noninflammatory degenerative joint disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; 91:5070–5074

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. MundlosS, OlsenBR. Heritable diseases of the skeleton. (1997)Part II: Molecular insights into skeletal development-matrix components and their homeostasis. FASEB J; 11:227–233

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bruckner-TudermanL, BrucknerP. (1998)Genetic diseases of the extracellular matrix: more than just connective tissue disorders. J Mol Med; 76:226–237

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. PereiraL, AndrikopoulosK, TianJ, (1997)Targeting of the gene encoding fibrillin-1 recapitulates the vascular aspect of Marfan syndrome. Nat Genet; 17:218–222

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. JudgeDP, BieryNJ, KeeneDR, (2004)Evidence for a critical contribution of haploinsufficiency in the complex pathogenesis of Marfan syndrome. J Clin Invest; 114:172–181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. NakamuraT, LozanoPR, IkedaY, (2002)Fibulin-5/DANCE is essential for elastogenesis in vivo. Nature; 415:171–175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. YanagisawaH, DavisEC, StarcherBC, (2002)Fibulin-5 is an elastin-binding protein essential for elastic fibre development in vivo. Nature; 415:168–171

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. BonaldoP, BraghettaP, ZanettiM, PiccoloS, VolpinD, BressanGM. (1998)Collagen VI deficiency induces early onset myopathy in the mouse: an animal model for Bethlem myopathy. Hum Mol Genet; 7:2135–2140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. MinerJH, YurchencoPD. (2004)Laminin functions in tissue morphogenesis. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol; 20:255–284

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. SchwanderM, LeuM, StummM, (2003)Beta1 integrins regulate myoblast fusion and sarcomere assembly. Dev Cell; 4:673–85

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. LiuP, JenkinsNA, CopelandNG. (2003)A highly efficient recombineering-based method for generating conditional knockout mutations. Genome Res; 13:476–484

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. te RieleH, MaandagER, BernsA. (1992)Highly efficient gene targeting in embryonic stem cells through homologous recombination with isogenic DNA constructs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A; 89:5128–5132

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. RodriguezCI, BuchholzF, GallowayJ, (2000)High-efficiency deleter mice show that FLPe is an alternative to Cre-loxP. Nat Genet; 25:139–140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. NagyA, RossantJ, NagyR, Abramow-NewerlyW, RoderJC. (1993)Derivation of completely cell culture-derived mice from early-passage embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; 90:8424–8428

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Hogan B, Beddington R, Costantini F, Lacy E. Manipulating the Mouse Embryo. A Laboratory Manual. Second Edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1994

    Google Scholar 

  32. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual. Second Edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  33. HirschE, IglesiasA, PotocnikAJ, HartmannU, FasslerR. (1996)Impaired migration but not differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells in the absence of beta1 integrins. Nature; 380:171–175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. MortensenRM, ZubiaurM, NeerEJ, SeidmanJG. (1991)Embryonic stem cells lacking a functional inhibitory G-protein subunit (alpha i2) produced by gene targeting of both alleles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; 88:7036–7040

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. SasakiT, ForsbergE, BlochW, AddicksK, FasslerR, TimplR. (1998)Deficiency of beta 1 integrins in teratoma interferes with basement membrane assembly and laminin-1 expression. Exp Cell Res; 238:70–81

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emilio Hirsch .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Brancaccio, M., Turco, E., Hirsch, E. (2009). Tissue-Specific KO of ECM Proteins. In: Even-Ram, S., Artym, V. (eds) Extracellular Matrix Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 522. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-413-1_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-413-1_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-984-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-413-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics