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Erschienen in: Der Anaesthesist 8/2010

01.08.2010 | Leitthema

Akutes Nierenversagen und Sepsis

Nur eine Organdysfunktion bei septischem Multiorganversagen?

verfasst von: PD Dr. C. Schmidt, T. Steinke, S. Moritz, B.M. Graf, M. Bucher

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 8/2010

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Zusammenfassung

Das akute Nierenversagen (ANV) ist als eine plötzliche, prinzipiell reversible Verschlechterung der glomerulären und tubulären Funktion definiert. Pathophysiologisch kann man zwischen einem ischämischen und einem toxisch verursachten ANV unterscheiden. Die Sepsis ist die häufigste Ursache eines ANV auf der Intensivstation, und das ANV ist ein unabhängiger Risikofaktor für die Letalität septischer Patienten. Interventionen zur Nephroprotektion – und damit der Prophylaxe eines ANV in der Sepsis – beruhen im Wesentlichen auf der Beeinflussung der renalen Hämodynamik. Hierzu gehören eine adäquate Volumensubstitution und der Einsatz von Vasokonstriktoren. Dabei sollte bei Einsatz von Kolloiden die maximale Tagesdosis nicht überschritten und es sollten hyperonkotische kolloidale Lösungen vermieden werden. Niedrig dosiertes Dopamin zur Prophylaxe des ANV ist obsolet. Schleifendiuretika steigern die Urinproduktion und führen über eine Optimierung der Bilanzierungsmöglichkeit zu einem Nutzen extrarenaler Organe, verbessern jedoch weder die Nierenfunktion noch das Outcome. Deshalb sind Diuretika zur kausalen Behandlung eines drohenden oder manifesten ANV bei septischen Patienten nicht indiziert. Für die Nierenersatztherapie stehen intermittierende und kontinuierliche Therapieverfahren zur Verfügung. Kontinuierliche oder intermittierende sowie konvektive oder diffusive Verfahren sind prinzipiell gleichwertig, wenn eine Mindestultrafiltrationsrate ≥20 ml/h•kgKG oder ein Therapieintervall ≥ 3-mal/Woche eingehalten wird.
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Metadaten
Titel
Akutes Nierenversagen und Sepsis
Nur eine Organdysfunktion bei septischem Multiorganversagen?
verfasst von
PD Dr. C. Schmidt
T. Steinke
S. Moritz
B.M. Graf
M. Bucher
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2010
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 8/2010
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-010-1767-x

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