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Erschienen in: Der Anaesthesist 6/2015

01.06.2015 | Leitthema

Anästhesie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen nach angeborenen Herzfehlern

verfasst von: Dr. T. Baehner, O. Boehm, M. Kliemann, I. Heinze, J. Breuer, A. Hoeft, G. Baumgarten, P. Knuefermann

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 6/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Die Inzidenz angeborener Herzfehler bleibt über die Jahre nahezu konstant. Durch die fortschreitend verbesserten Behandlungsoptionen erreichen jedoch zunehmend mehr Kinder und Jugendliche auch mit komplexen angeborenen Herzfehlern das Erwachsenenalter. Die steigende Prävalenz von Patienten mit angeborenen und z. T. korrigierten Vitien sowie die altersbedingte nichtkardiale Komorbidität dieser Patienten werden in Zukunft zu einem erhöhten Versorgungsbedarf führen. Auch wenn die elektive Versorgung dieser Patienten überwiegend an spezialisierten Zentren erfolgen sollte, kann die Behandlung an einem nichtspezialisierten Zentrum im Notfall notwendig werden. Aufgrund der Vielfalt und der Komplexität angeborener Herzfehler ist es schwierig, einheitliche Empfehlungen zum anästhesiologischen Vorgehen zu geben. Die Versorgung eines Patienten mit komplexen angeborenen Herzfehlern erfordert vom Anästhesisten ein tiefgreifendes Verständnis des zugrunde liegenden Herzfehlers und der aktuellen Hämodynamik. Das Wissen um typische Komorbiditäten wie Herzinsuffizienz, Alteration der Gerinnung oder Arrhythmien sind von Bedeutung für die erfolgreiche anästhesiologische Betreuung. Insbesondere bei Shunt-Vitien und Patienten mit passiver Lungendurchblutung wird das hämodynamische Gleichgewicht durch das anästhesiologische Management praktisch immer in relevanter Größenordnung beeinflusst und kann Ausgangspunkt für eine mitunter schwerwiegende Dekompensation des Patienten sein. Die Vergegenwärtigung der anästhesiebedingten Veränderungen von pulmonalvaskulärem und systemischem Widerstand sowie der Vorlast ist bei Shunt-Vitien Grundlage für die erfolgreiche Betreuung des Patienten. Nicht zuletzt ist aber auch die multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit mit Kardiologie und Radiologie für die Planung des Vorgehens unabdingbar, um das optimale Behandlungsergebnis für die Patienten zu erzielen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Anästhesie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen nach angeborenen Herzfehlern
verfasst von
Dr. T. Baehner
O. Boehm
M. Kliemann
I. Heinze
J. Breuer
A. Hoeft
G. Baumgarten
P. Knuefermann
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 6/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-015-0028-4

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